ArticleReproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.)2022
Circulating Innate Lymphoid Cells Exhibit Distinctive Distribution During Normal Pregnancy.
Article in Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Characterization of innate lymphoid cells in infants with human cytomegalovirus infection.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Tissue-Resident ILC2s Across Organs: Heterogeneity, Niche Crosstalk, and Shared Regulatory Circuits.Immune network · 2025Review
- The single-cell immune profile throughout gestation and its potential value for identifying women at risk for spontaneous preterm birth.European journal of obstetrics & gynecology and reproductive biology: X · 2025Review
- Serum 17Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Progesterone amplifies allergic inflammation and airway pathology in association with higher lung ILC2 responses.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2024Article
- Evaluation of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity using progesterone and androgen receptors-mediated transactivation.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Intrauterine administration of autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells regulates the endometrium estrogen and progesterone receptor expression: An RCT.International journal of reproductive biomedicine · 2023Article
- Steady-state estradiol triggers a unique innate immune response to allergen resulting in increased airway resistance.Biology of sex differences · 2023Article
- Innate lymphoid cell (ILC) subsets are enriched in the skin of patients with hidradenitis suppurativa.PloS one · 2023Article
- IL-33 induces NF-κB activation in ILC2 that can be suppressed byFrontiers in allergy · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Over the past decades, the investigation of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) has revealed their significance in successful pregnancy. Sex hormones, such as estradiol and progesterone, show specific changes during pregnancy and modulate both adaptive and innate immune systems. ILC subset distribution in peripheral blood of pregnant women and its potential association with sex hormone levels have not been well revealed. Peripheral blood was obtained from healthy non-pregnant, early-pregnant, and late-pregnant women. Radioimmunoassay was performed to measure plasma estradiol and progesterone levels. The levels of type 1 ILCs (ILC1s), type 2 ILCs (ILC2s), type 3 ILCs (ILC3s), and total ILCs as well as estrogen and progesterone receptors of ILC2s in peripheral blood were analyzed using flow cytometry. The proportion of total ILCs and distribution of ILC subsets in peripheral blood changed dynamically during pregnancy. Compared to non-pregnant women, late-pregnant women displayed significantly higher proportion of circulating ILCs, among which ILC2s accounted for the majority in late-pregnant women while a smaller part in others, and ILC3s displayed the opposite. Plasma estradiol and progesterone levels elevated while pregnancy proceeded and the expression of their receptors in ILC2s increased consisted with the proportion of circulating ILC2s. Our work first observed the existence of progesterone receptors in human circulating ILC2s and revealed the distribution pattern of circulating ILC subsets and their interrelation with plasma sex hormone levels during pregnancy. Our results suggested that the estradiol and progesterone levels might partly influence the distribution of circulating ILC subsets and implied the interplay between circulating ILCs and pregnancy.
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