Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34988626›Full record

ArticleOsteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA2022

Differences in hospital length of stay and total hospital charge by income level in patients hospitalized for hip fractures.

Anthony J Milto, Youssef El Bitar, Steven L Scaife, Sowmyanarayanan Thuppal

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.0field-weighted citation impact, top 15% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Anthony J MiltoDivision of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Department of Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 19679, Springfield, IL, 62794, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4741-8546
Youssef El BitarDivision of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Department of Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 19679, Springfield, IL, 62794, USA.
Steven L ScaifeCenter for Clinical Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 201 E. Madison St, Springfield, IL, 62702, USA.
Sowmyanarayanan ThuppalDivision of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Department of Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 19679, Springfield, IL, 62794, USA. sthuppal83@siumed.edu.
Southern Illinois University School of Medicine · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study examines the difference in length of stay and total hospital charge by income quartile in hip fracture patients. The length of stay increased in lower income groups, while total charge demonstrated a U-shaped relationship, with the highest charges in the highest and lowest income quartiles.

introductionSocioeconomic factors have an impact on outcomes in hip fracture patients. This study aims to determine if there is a difference in hospital length of stay (LOS) and total hospital charge between income quartiles in hospitalized hip fracture patients.

methodsNational Inpatient Sample (NIS) data from 2016 to 2018 was used to determine differences in LOS, total charge, and other demographic/clinical outcomes by income quartile in patients hospitalized for hip fracture. Multivariate regressions were performed for both LOS and total hospital charge to determine variable impact and significance.

resultsThere were 860,045 hip fracture patients were included this study. With 222,625 in the lowest income quartile, 234,215 in the second, 215,270 in the third, and 190,395 in the highest income quartile. LOS decreased with increase in income quartile. Total charge was highest in the highest quartile, while it was lowest in the middle two-quartiles. Comorbidities with the largest magnitude of effect on both LOS and total charge were lung disease, kidney disease, and heart disease. Time to surgery post-admission also had a large effect on both outcomes of interest.

conclusionThe results demonstrate that income quartile has an effect on both hospital LOS and total charge. This may be the result of differences in demographics and other clinical variables between quartiles and increased comorbidities in lower income levels. The overall summation of these socioeconomic, demographic, and medical factors affecting patients in lower income levels may result in worse outcomes following hip fracture.

Indexed as

Hip FracturesHospital ChargesHospitalsHumansLength of StayRetrospective StudiesHip fractureHospital chargesLength of stayNIS databaseOutcomes

Identifiers

PMID34988626
PMCPMC8731208
OpenAlexW4206762062

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.