ReviewNeuro-oncology advances
Systematic review and meta-analysis of PD-L1 expression discordance between primary tumor and lung cancer brain metastasis.
Review in Neuro-oncology advances. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluating the Therapeutic Impact of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in the Management of Brain Metastases from Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Mechanisms, Imaging Phenotypes, and Therapeutic Advances of Neovascularization in Brain Metastases.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Stereotactic radiotherapy for brain metastases: indications, dose fractionation, technological innovations, and evolving combination strategies - a comprehensive review.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer: molecular subtypes and emerging CNS-directed precision therapies.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- The Role of PD-L1 in Lung Cancer: From Biology to Clinical Application.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2026Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in Patients with Brain Metastases from Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Emerging Mechanisms and Personalized Clinical Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Immunotherapy in lung cancer brain metastases.NPJ precision oncology · 2025Review
- Multidisciplinary management strategies for recurrent brain metastasis after prior radiotherapy: An overview.Neuro-oncology · 2025Review
- Divergent Crosstalk Between Microglia and T Cells in Brain Cancers: Implications for Novel Therapeutic Strategies.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Validation of a prognostic scoring system for brain metastases with synchronous detection of primary cancers at initial consultation.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Discrepancies in PD-L1 expression, lymphocyte infiltration, and tumor mutational burden in non-small cell lung cancer and matched brain metastases.Translational lung cancer research · 2024Article
- Observational
- Association of PD-L1 expression with driver gene mutations and clinicopathological characteristics in non-small cell lung cancer: A real-world study of 10 441 patients.Thoracic cancer · 2024Article
- Predictive role of intracranial PD-L1 expression in a real-world cohort of NSCLC patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibition following brain metastasis resection.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2024Article
- Exploring the Molecular Tumor Microenvironment and Translational Biomarkers in Brain Metastases of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Treatment of brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer: preclinical, clinical, and translational research.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Evaluation of Potential Predictive Biomarkers for Defining Brain Radiotherapy Efficacy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients with Brain Metastases: A Case Report and a Narrative Review.Clinics and practice · 2023Article
- Unveiling the Immune Microenvironment's Role in Breast Cancer: A Glimpse into Promising Frontiers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- A case of discordant histology and expression of programmed death ligand 1 between primary tumor and brain metastases in adenosquamous carcinoma of the lung.Thoracic cancer · 2023Article
- Management of patients with brain metastases from NSCLC without a genetic driver alteration: upfront radiotherapy or immunotherapy?Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNovel immunotherapeutic strategies targeting the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis are often administered when metastatic tumors show PD-L1 positivity, even in the setting of lung cancer brain metastasis (LCBM). However, biological differences exist between primary tumors and metastatic sites. The objective of this study was to analyze rates of PD-L1 receptor discordance between primary tumors and LCBM.
methodsA systematic review of studies of biopsied or resected LCBM evaluating PD-L1 discordance published in the Medline database was performed using PRISMA guidelines. Weighted random effects models were used to calculate pooled estimates.
resultsSix full-text articles (
conclusionsPD-L1 discordance occurs in ~20% of LCBM, with the greatest discordance in the 1-50% expression category. Although controversial, confirming discordance might be important for selection of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and in the analysis of patterns of failure after treatment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.