Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34988370›Full record

ReviewTherapeutic advances in ophthalmology

Light and myopia: from epidemiological studies to neurobiological mechanisms.

Arumugam R Muralidharan, Carla Lança, Sayantan Biswas, Veluchamy A Barathi, Low Wan Yu Shermaine, Saw Seang-Mei, Dan Milea, Raymond P Najjar

Registry-linked trialOpen access · diamondAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Therapeutic advances in ophthalmology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05594719 (The Effect of Sun-like Spectrum With Different Spectrum Composition on Retinal Blood Flow in School Students), which is not on this map. Cited by 60 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
60citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
9.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05594719 naunknown statusnot on this map

The Effect of Sun-like Spectrum With Different Spectrum Composition on Retinal Blood Flow in School Students: a Randomized Controlled Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorShanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment CenterRan2022 to 2022Enrolled75ConditionsMyopiaArmsShorter-wavelength dominant light, Light similar to the solar spectrum proportion, Longer-wavelength dominant light
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

60 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 75 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Efficacy of spectacle lenses specifically designed for myopia control: systematic review and meta-analysis.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Arumugam R MuralidharanSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.
Carla LançaSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9918-787X
Sayantan BiswasSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.
Veluchamy A BarathiSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.
Low Wan Yu ShermaineSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.
Saw Seang-MeiSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.
Dan MileaSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.
Raymond P NajjarVisual Neurosciences Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, Singapore 169856.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3770-2300
Singapore Eye Research Institute · SGNational University of Singapore · SGInstituto Politécnico de Lisboa · PTSingapore National Eye Center · SG

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Myopia is far beyond its inconvenience and represents a true, highly prevalent, sight-threatening ocular condition, especially in Asia. Without adequate interventions, the current epidemic of myopia is projected to affect 50% of the world population by 2050, becoming the leading cause of irreversible blindness. Although blurred vision, the predominant symptom of myopia, can be improved by contact lenses, glasses or refractive surgery, corrected myopia, particularly high myopia, still carries the risk of secondary blinding complications such as glaucoma, myopic maculopathy and retinal detachment, prompting the need for prevention. Epidemiological studies have reported an association between outdoor time and myopia prevention in children. The protective effect of time spent outdoors could be due to the unique characteristics (intensity, spectral distribution, temporal pattern, etc.) of sunlight that are lacking in artificial lighting. Concomitantly, studies in animal models have highlighted the efficacy of light and its components in delaying or even stopping the development of myopia and endeavoured to elucidate possible mechanisms involved in this process. In this narrative review, we (1) summarize the current knowledge concerning light modulation of ocular growth and refractive error development based on studies in human and animal models, (2) summarize potential neurobiological mechanisms involved in the effects of light on ocular growth and emmetropization and (3) highlight a potential pathway for the translational development of noninvasive light-therapy strategies for myopia prevention in children.

Indexed as

animal modelsdopaminelightmyopianeurobiologyoutdoor activity

Identifiers

PMID34988370
PMCPMC8721425
OpenAlexW4206478695

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.