ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2022
Statewide Longitudinal Trends in Transmitted HIV-1 Drug Resistance in Rhode Island, USA.
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Newly Diagnosed Individuals in Molecular HIV-1 Clusters in Rhode Island Over 3 Decades.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Do we need routine integrase resistance testing before starting antiretroviral therapy?The lancet. HIV · 2025Review
- Treatment of Advanced HIV in the Modern Era.Drugs · 2025Review
- Dynamics of clustering rates in the Rhode Island HIV-1 epidemic.AIDS (London, England) · 2025Article
- Prospective Evaluation of Routine Statewide Integration of Molecular Epidemiology and Contact Tracing to Disrupt Human Immunodeficiency Virus Transmission.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Review
- Lack of Prognostic Value of SARS-CoV2 RT-PCR Cycle Threshold in the Community.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHIV-1 transmitted drug resistance (TDR) remains a global challenge that can impact care, yet its comprehensive assessment is limited and heterogenous. We longitudinally characterized statewide TDR in Rhode Island.
methodsDemographic and clinical data from treatment-naïve individuals were linked to protease, reverse transcriptase, and integrase sequences routinely obtained over 2004-2020. TDR extent, trends, impact on first-line regimens, and association with transmission networks were assessed using the Stanford Database, Mann-Kendall statistic, and phylogenetic tools.
resultsIn 1123 individuals, TDR to any antiretroviral increased from 8% (2004) to 26% (2020), driven by non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI; 5%-18%) and, to a lesser extent, nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI; 2%-8%) TDR. Dual- and triple-class TDR rates were low, and major integrase strand transfer inhibitor resistance was absent. Predicted intermediate to high resistance was in 77% of those with TDR, with differential suppression patterns. Among all individuals, 34% were in molecular clusters, some only with members with TDR who shared mutations. Among clustered individuals, people with TDR were more likely in small clusters.
conclusionsIn a unique (statewide) assessment over 2004-2020, TDR increased; this was primarily, but not solely, driven by NNRTIs, impacting antiretroviral regimens. Limited TDR to multiclass regimens and pre-exposure prophylaxis are encouraging; however, surveillance and its integration with molecular epidemiology should continue in order to potentially improve care and prevention interventions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.