ArticleOrthopaedic journal of sports medicine2021
Risk Factors of Shoulder and Elbow Injuries in Baseball: A Scoping Review of 3 Types of Evidence.
Article in Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Primary Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction in Major League Baseball Pitchers: An Analysis of Factors Associated With Successful Return to Preinjury Level of Performance.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2026Article
- Scapulothoracic joint function and its association with throwing-related injuries in collegiate baseball pitchers: a prospective cohort study.JSES international · 2026Article
- Contralateral Trunk Tilt in High School Baseball Pitchers: Comparison and Relationship with Trunk Rotational Mobility, Compensatory Lateral Flexion, and Performance.International journal of sports physical therapy · 2026Article
- Early Rate of Force Development and Maximal Strength at Different Positions of the Athletic Shoulder Test in Baseball Players.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Reliability and Validity of the ArmCare Strength and Range of Motion Sensor and Mobile Application in Baseball Players.International journal of sports physical therapy · 2025Article
- Detection of Factors Related to the Development of Osteochondritis Dissecans in Youth Baseball Players Screening.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
- Quantitative and qualitative disparities exist between baseball and softball peer-reviewed pitching-related literature: a systematic review from 1990 to 2020.JSES reviews, reports, and techniques · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundShoulder and elbow overuse injuries are the most common problems in baseball players. No scoping review has compared the findings from different types of evidence. PURPOSE: To map the broad evidence from 3 types of evidence (epidemiological, biomechanical, and narrative) on potential risk factors for shoulder and elbow injuries in baseball and identify gaps in the existing literature to guide future research. STUDY
designScoping review.
methodsEight electronic databases were searched from inception to May 14, 2020. Any peer-reviewed papers that investigated or discussed potential risk factors for shoulder and elbow injuries in baseball were included.
resultsA total of 302 studies (107 epidemiological studies, 85 biomechanical studies, and 110 narrative reviews) were included. Risk factors were categorized into 9 domains: sports profiles, physical characteristics/functions, pitching mechanics, performance, behavioral, psychosocial, biological and developmental, injury/sports profiles, and environmental factors. Studies were consistent in supporting limited shoulder range of motion (ROM) and player positions (pitchers or catchers) as risk factors for shoulder injuries. For elbow injuries, the majority of the included studies suggested that being pitchers or catchers and working with higher ball velocity can be risk factors.
conclusionFindings were consistent in some risk factors, such as limited shoulder ROM and positions. However, findings were inconsistent or limited for most factors, and substantial research gaps were identified. Research assessing those factors with inconsistent or limited evidence in the current literature were recognized to be priorities for future studies.
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