ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021
Vascular Microenvironment, Tumor Immunity and Immunotherapy.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 126 citations in OpenAlex.
- The soldiers needed to be awakened: Tumor-infiltrating immune cells.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Pooled it
- A novel extracellular vesicle-engineered immunotherapy drug for Her2Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- C1ORF112 drives lung adenocarcinoma progression through e2f8-mediated transcriptional activation.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Reverse cardio-oncology: neuroendocrine axis activation and cardiovascular-disease-derived factors synergistically remodel the tumor microenvironment.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- Fibroblast adipogenesis restricts hemangioma growth through a PPARγ/Hippo-YAP/TAZ axis that promotes endothelial apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.Cell death discovery · 2026Article
- Article
- The vascular niche: an orchestrator of the spatiotemporal dynamics of distant metastasis.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Review
- The neuro-vascular-immune triad: the interactive network in the tumor microenvironment.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Review
- Cell-intrinsic and tumor microenvironmental determinants of platinum resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Deletion of p53-Related Protein Kinase Suppresses Solar UV-Induced Photocarcinogenesis by Inhibiting PD-L1 Expression and Enhancing CD8 T-Cell Infiltration.The Journal of investigative dermatology · 2026Article
- Lactate-lactylation in tumor angiogenesis and progression: mechanisms, biomarker potential, and therapeutic implications.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- Effects of high CD93 expression on tumor growth and angiogenesis in gastric adenocarcinoma.PloS one · 2026Article
- Immunogenic cell death in cold tumors: transforming immune-excluded tumors into immunotherapy-sensitive lesions.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- FAP as a Clinical Biomarker: FAP+ CAFs Orchestrate an Immunosuppressive Stem Cell Niche via the COL1A1/2-CD44 Axis in Colon Cancer.Stem cells international · 2026Article
- Characteristics and therapeutic resistance mechanisms of the prostate cancer immune microenvironment: a comprehensive analysis from bench to clinic.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Angiovolume and Peak Enhancement on Preoperative CAD-Derived MRI as Prognostic Factors in Primary Operable Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Tomography (Ann Arbor, Mich.) · 2025Article
- Natural medicines target tumor vascular microenvironment to inhibit tumor.Genes & diseases · 2025Review
- Ultrasound stimulated microbubble cavitation promoted the anticancer effect of Lenvatinib on anaplastic thyroid cancer.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2025Article
- Analysis of Immune Cell Infiltration Distribution and Prognostic Value in Obstructive Colorectal Cancer.Biomedicines · 2025Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Immunotherapy holds great promise for treating cancer. Nonetheless, T cell-based immunotherapy of solid tumors has remained challenging, largely due to the lack of universal tumor-specific antigens and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) that inhibits lymphocyte infiltration and activation. Aberrant vascularity characterizes malignant solid tumors, which fuels the formation of an immune-hostile microenvironment and induces tumor resistance to immunotherapy, emerging as a crucial target for adjuvant treatment in cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the molecular and cellular basis of vascular microenvironment-mediated tumor evasion of immune responses and resistance to immunotherapy, with a focus on vessel abnormality, dysfunctional adhesion, immunosuppressive niche, and microenvironmental stress in tumor vasculature. We provide an overview of opportunities and challenges related to these mechanisms. We also propose genetic programming of tumor endothelial cells as an alternative approach to recondition the vascular microenvironment and to overcome tumor resistance to immunotherapy.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.