ArticleFrontiers in behavioral neuroscience2021
Daily Optogenetic Stimulation of the Left Infralimbic Cortex Reverses Extinction Impairments in Male Rats Exposed to Single Prolonged Stress.
Article in Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Optogenetic stimulation of the infralimbic cortex prior to fear extinction learning rescues deficits in a preclinical model of comorbid PTSD and AUD.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- The Single-Prolonged Stress Model Fails to Produce Behavioral or Corticosterone Alterations in Rats.eNeuro · 2026Article
- Stress-Induced Dysregulation of the Guidance Cue Receptor DCC Alters Corticolimbic Circuit Architecture.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Article
- Colorectal cancer cells hijack a brain-gut polysynaptic circuit from the lateral septum to enteric neurons to sustain tumor growth.Nature cancer · 2025Article
- Optogenetic inhibition of the locus coeruleus blocks vagus nerve stimulation-induced enhancement of extinction of conditioned fear in rats.Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- Acute stress yields a sex-dependent facilitation of signaled active avoidance in rats.Neurobiology of stress · 2024Review
- Distinct roles of the left and right prelimbic cortices in the modulation of ethanol consumption in male mice under acute and chronic social defeat stress.Psychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Acute stress yields a sex-dependent facilitation of signaled active avoidance in rats.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Basal forebrain cholinergic systems as circuits through which traumatic stress disrupts emotional memory regulation.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2024Review
- Neural circuits for the adaptive regulation of fear and extinction memory.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2024Review
- Animal models of human insomnia.Journal of sleep research · 2023Review
- The role of avoidance in modulating single prolonged stress effects on emotional memory in male and female rats.Behavioural brain research · 2023Article
- The role of estrogen receptor manipulation during traumatic stress on changes in emotional memory induced by traumatic stress.Psychopharmacology · 2023Article
- Update on neurobiological mechanisms of fear: illuminating the direction of mechanism exploration and treatment development of trauma and fear-related disorders.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with decreased activity in the prefrontal cortex. PTSD-like pathophysiology and behaviors have been observed in rodents exposed to a single prolonged stress (SPS) procedure. When animals are left alone for 7 days after SPS treatment, they show increased anxiety-like behavior and impaired extinction of conditioned fear, and reduced activity in the prefrontal cortex. Here, we tested the hypothesis that daily optogenetic stimulation of the infralimbic region (IL) of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) during the 7 days after SPS would reverse SPS effects on anxiety and fear extinction. Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent SPS and then received daily optogenetic stimulation (20 Hz, 2 s trains, every 10 s for 15 min/day) of glutamatergic neurons of the left or right IL for seven days. After this incubation period, rats were tested in the elevated plus-maze (EPM). Twenty-four hours after the EPM test, rats underwent auditory fear conditioning (AFC), extinction training and a retention test. SPS increased anxiety-like behavior in the EPM task and produced a profound impairment in extinction of AFC. Optogenetic stimulation of the left IL, but not right, during the 7-day incubation period reversed the extinction impairment. Optogenetic stimulation did not reverse the increased anxiety-like behavior, suggesting that the extinction effects are not due to a treatment-induced reduction in anxiety. Results indicate that increased activity of the left IL after traumatic experiences can prevent development of extinction impairments. These findings suggest that non-invasive brain stimulation may be a useful tool for preventing maladaptive responses to trauma.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.