Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34987223›Full record

ArticleNature2022

Emergence of methicillin resistance predates the clinical use of antibiotics.

Jesper Larsen, Claire L Raisen, Xiaoliang Ba, Nicholas J Sadgrove, Guillermo F Padilla-González, Monique S J Simmonds, Igor Loncaric, Heidrun Kerschner, Petra Apfalter, Rainer Hartl and 54 more

Open access · hybridAbstract readHistorical Article
In one paragraph

Article in Nature, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 130 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
130citing papers in PubMed
19.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

130 citing papers in PubMed, 264 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Soil management practices shape the abundance, diversity, and spread of antimicrobial resistance.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. ASP-COMPLEX: redefining antimicrobial stewardship to improve outcomes in high-risk patients with severe infections.Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia · 2026
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Zoonotic dermatophyteFrontiers in veterinary science · 2026
    Article
  19. Review
  20. Review

70 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

64 authors at 20 institutions in 15 countries.

Jesper Larsen *Department of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark. jrl@ssi.dk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0582-0457
Claire L Raisen *Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Xiaoliang BaDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3882-3585
Nicholas J SadgroveRoyal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK.
Guillermo F Padilla-GonzálezRoyal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8300-6891
Monique S J SimmondsRoyal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK.
Igor LoncaricInstitute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
Heidrun KerschnerNational Reference Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Nosocomial Infections, Institute for Hygiene, Microbiology and Tropical Medicine, Ordensklinikum Linz Elisabethinen, Linz, Austria.
Petra ApfalterNational Reference Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Nosocomial Infections, Institute for Hygiene, Microbiology and Tropical Medicine, Ordensklinikum Linz Elisabethinen, Linz, Austria.
Rainer HartlNational Reference Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Nosocomial Infections, Institute for Hygiene, Microbiology and Tropical Medicine, Ordensklinikum Linz Elisabethinen, Linz, Austria.
Ariane DeplanoNational Reference Centre-Staphylococcus aureus, Department of Microbiology, Hôpital Erasme, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
Stien VandendriesscheNational Reference Centre-Staphylococcus aureus, Department of Microbiology, Hôpital Erasme, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
Barbora Černá BolfíkováDepartment of Animal Science and Food Processing, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8059-4889
Pavel HulvaDepartment of Zoology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
Maiken C ArendrupDepartment of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Rasmus K HareDepartment of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Céline BarnadasDepartment of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Marc SteggerDepartment of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Raphael N SieberDepartment of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Robert L SkovInfectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6079-5381
Andreas PetersenDepartment of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Øystein AngenDepartment of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Sophie L RasmussenDepartment of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2975-678X
Carmen Espinosa-GongoraDepartment of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9536-0548
Frank M AarestrupNational Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7116-2723
Laura J LindholmExpert Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Suvi M NykäsenojaMicrobiology Unit, Finnish Food Authority, Helsinki, Finland.
Frederic LaurentBacteriology Department and French National Reference Center for Staphylococci, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University of Lyon, Lyon, France.
Karsten BeckerFriedrich Loeffler-Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6391-1341
Birgit WaltherInstitute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Veterinary Faculty, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Corinna KehrenbergInstitute for Veterinary Food Science, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
Christiane CunyNational Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Division Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany.
Franziska LayerNational Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Division Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4613-6478
Guido WernerNational Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Division Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany.
Wolfgang WitteNational Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Division Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany.
Ivonne StammVet Med Labor GmbH, Kornwestheim, Germany.
Paolo MoroniDipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0974-3084
Hannah J JørgensenNorwegian Veterinary Institute, Ås, Norway.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1788-9219
Hermínia de LencastreLaboratory of Molecular Genetics, ITQB NOVA, Oeiras, Portugal.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6816-8932
Emilia CercenadoServicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5279-3773
Fernando García-GarroteServicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain.
Stefan BörjessonDepartment of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2219-2659
Sara HæggmanDepartment of Microbiology, Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden.
Vincent PerretenInstitute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Christopher J TealeDepartment of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, UK.
Andrew S WallerAnimal Health Trust, Newmarket, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7111-9549
Bruno PichonAntimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections Reference Unit, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK.
Martin D CurranClinical Microbiology and Public Health Laboratory, UK Health Security Agency, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
Matthew J EllingtonClinical Microbiology and Public Health Laboratory, UK Health Security Agency, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
John J WelchDepartment of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Sharon J PeacockDepartment of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1718-2782
David J SeillyDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Fiona J E MorganDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Julian ParkhillDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7069-5958
Nazreen F HadjirinDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Jodi A LindsayInstitute of Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, UK.
Matthew T G HoldenSchool of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4958-2166
Giles F EdwardsScottish MRSA Reference Laboratory, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Stobhill Hospital, Glasgow, UK.
Geoffrey FosterSRUC Veterinary Services, Inverness, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5527-758X
Gavin K PatersonThe Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1880-0095
Xavier DidelotSchool of Life Sciences and Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Warwick, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1885-500X
Mark A HolmesDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5454-1625
Ewan M HarrisonDepartment of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2720-0507
Anders R LarsenDepartment of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Statens Serum Institut · DKUniversity of Cambridge · GBRobert Koch Institute · DEKrankenhaus der Elisabethinen · ATRoyal Botanic Gardens, Kew · GBAddenbrooke's Hospital · GBPublic Health Agency of Sweden · SEUniversité Libre de Bruxelles · BEAnimal and Plant Health Agency · GBAnimal Health Trust · GBComplejo Hospitalario de Salamanca · ESCzech University of Life Sciences Prague · CZFinnish Food Authority · FIFinnish Institute for Health and Welfare · FIFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut · DEHospital Universitario Lucus Augusti · ESIDEXX Laboratories (Germany) · DEJustus-Liebig-Universität Gießen · DENHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde · GBNorwegian Veterinary Institute · NO

Funding

Medical Research Council G1001787Medical Research Council MR/N002660/1Medical Research Council MR/P007201/1Medical Research Council MR/S00291X/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The discovery of antibiotics more than 80 years ago has led to considerable improvements in human and animal health. Although antibiotic resistance in environmental bacteria is ancient, resistance in human pathogens is thought to be a modern phenomenon that is driven by the clinical use of antibiotics

Indexed as

AnimalsAnti-Bacterial AgentsArthrodermataceaebeta-LactamsDenmarkEuropeEvolution, MolecularGeographic MappingHedgehogsHistory, 20th CenturyHumansMethicillin ResistanceMethicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureusNew ZealandOne HealthPenicillinsAnti-Bacterial Agentsbeta-LactamsPenicillins

Identifiers

PMID34987223
PMCPMC8810379
OpenAlexW4206355264

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.