Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34986661›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias

Perceived Stress in Older Dementia Caregivers: Mediation by Loneliness and Depression.

Guerry Peavy, Ann M Mayo, Cynthia Avalos, Amanda Rodriguez, Benjamin Shifflett, Steven D Edland

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06364228 (Intranasal Oxytocin Intervention for Caregivers to Persons With Dementia), which is not on this map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
12.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06364228 phase2recruitingnot on this map

Intranasal Oxytocin Intervention for Caregivers to Persons With Dementia

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of NebraskaRan2026 to 2027Enrolled32ConditionsStressArmsPlacebo, Oxytocin Intranasal Spray 12 International Unit (12IU), Oxytocin Intranasal Spray 24 International Unit (24IU), Functional MRI
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.

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  8. Friendship and momentary loneliness in dementia caregiving: daily experiences of caregivers with high and low burden.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Guerry PeavyDepartment of Neurosciences, 8784University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7785-7916
Ann M MayoHahn School of Nursing and Health Science, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Cynthia AvalosDepartment of Neurosciences, 8784University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Amanda RodriguezDepartment of Neurosciences, 8784University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Benjamin ShifflettDepartment of Neurosciences, 8784University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Steven D EdlandSchool of Public Health and Human Longevity Research, 8784University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
University of California San Diego · USUniversity of San Diego · US

Funding

UCSD Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer's Disease Research Center P30P30AG062429 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Mark W Bondi · 2019 to 2026
$34.9M
Re-visiting Methods for MCI Diagnosis to Improve Biomarker and Trial FindingsR01AG049810 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI BONDI, MARK W, EDLAND, STEVEN DYAL · 2016 to 2020
$3.7M
NIA NIH HHS P30 AG062429NIA NIH HHS R01 AG049810
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Coupled with aging, chronic stress experienced by dementia caregivers often leads to deteriorating health. Comparing caregivers and non-caregivers, we tested whether depression and loneliness mediate the relationship between caregiver status and a measure of chronic stress, the Perceived Stress Scale. Seventy-six cognitively normal older adults (mean age 72.7) were identified as caregivers or non-caregivers based on the functional independence of a paired family member. Caregivers reported more perceived stress, depression, and loneliness than non-caregivers. Using multiple mediation analyses, we found that loneliness and depression mediated the relationship of caregiver status with perceived stress. The loneliness effect on perceived stress was both direct and via its relationship with depressive symptoms. The findings suggest loneliness as a likely point of intervention to reduce caregiver stress. Initiatives to enable caregivers to maintain or develop social relationships apart from caregiver responsibilities may mitigate stress and its negative impact on mental and physical health.

Indexed as

CaregiversDementiaAgedDepressionHumansLonelinessStress, Psychologicalagingcaregiversdementiadepressionloneliness

Identifiers

PMID34986661
PMCPMC10580727
OpenAlexW4206632540

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.