ArticleCell reports2022
Estrogen promotes innate immune evasion of Candida albicans through inactivation of the alternative complement system.
Article in Cell reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Probiotic supplementation during pregnancy for vaginal microbiota improvement and pathogen clearance: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2026Pooled it
- Ethinylestradiol in combined hormonal contraceptive has a broader effect on serum proteome compared with estradiol valerate: a randomized controlled trial.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2023Trial
- Emerging antifungal strategies against Candida albicans using metal-organic frameworks and novel therapeutics: Opportunities and challenges.Journal of food and drug analysis · 2026Review
- Sex-specific gut mycobiome dysbiosis activates macrophage dectin-1 signaling to drive neurobehavioral deficits in EcoHIV-infected mice.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Honghe Fujie lotion ameliorates pregnancy-associated vulvovaginal candidiasis in mice by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome.Experimental animals · 2026Article
- Cytokine signalling in vaginal epithelial cells: mechanistic insights into epithelial immunity and inflammatory milieu in vulvovaginal candidiasis.European cytokine network · 2026Review
- Temperature-associated metabolic responses of Aspergillus cristatus revealed by untargeted LC-MS metabolomics.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Article
- Species Distribution and Determinants ofMedicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- An IL-1, IL-17, and IL-22 cytokine circuit controls vulvovaginal candidiasis independently of estrogen.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Article
- Candida urinary tract infections, antifungal susceptibility and factors associated with candiduria among pregnant women seeking antenatal care at Murang'a County Referral Hospital, Kenya.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Lactic acid in the vaginal milieu modulates theVirulence · 2025Article
- Patterns of Yeast Infections and Antifungal Use in the First Trimester of Pregnancy: Findings from the Birth Defects Study to Evaluate Pregnancy exposureS, 2014-2019.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2025Article
- Modulation of Gut Bacterial and Fungal Microbiota in Fibromyalgia Patients Following a Carb-Free Oloproteic Diet: Evidence for Candida Suppression and Symptom Improvement.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Proteomic analysis of plasma proteins during fentanyl withdrawal in ovariectomized female rats with and without estradiol.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2025Article
- The Human Mycobiome: Composition, Immune Interactions, and Impact on Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Complement C1q is associated with neuroinflammation and mediates the association between amyloid-β and tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Vaginal Clinical Isolates ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Vaginal mycobiome characteristics and therapeutic strategies in vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC): differentiating pathogenic species and microecological features for stratified treatment.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Chronic systemic inflammation by peptidoglycan-polysaccharide induces skeletal muscle atrophy in male and ovariectomized C57BL/6J mice.Physiological reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Candida albicans is a commensal of the urogenital tract and the predominant cause of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). Factors that increase circulatory estrogen levels such as pregnancy, the use of oral contraceptives, and hormone replacement therapy predispose women to VVC, but the reasons for this are largely unknown. Here, we investigate how adaptation of C. albicans to estrogen impacts the fungal host-pathogen interaction. Estrogen promotes fungal virulence by enabling C. albicans to avoid the actions of the innate immune system. Estrogen-induced innate immune evasion is mediated via inhibition of opsonophagocytosis through enhanced acquisition of the human complement regulatory protein, Factor H, on the fungal cell surface. Estrogen-induced accumulation of Factor H is dependent on the fungal cell surface protein Gpd2. The discovery of this hormone-sensing pathway might pave the way in explaining gender biases associated with fungal infections and may provide an alternative approach to improving women's health.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.