Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34986286›Full record

Trial reportThe New England journal of medicine2022

Trial of Three Rounds of Mass Azithromycin Administration for Yaws Eradication.

Lucy N John, Camila G Beiras, Wendy Houinei, Monica Medappa, Maria Sabok, Reman Kolmau, Eunice Jonathan, Edward Maika, James K Wangi, Petra Pospíšilová and 10 more

Registry-linked trialOpen access · hybridAbstract readClinical Trial, Phase IIIMulticenter StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in The New England journal of medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03490123 (Defining the Best Distribution Strategy of Azithromycin for Yaws Eradication), which is not on this map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.8field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03490123 phase4completednot on this map

Defining the Best Distribution Strategy of Azithromycin for Yaws Eradication (The Yaws 3 Trial)

TypeinterventionalSponsorLihir Medical CentreRan2018 to 2020Enrolled56,000ConditionsYawsArmsR1-Total community treatment with azithromycin, R2-Total community treatment with azithromycin, R3-Total community treatment with azithromycin, R2-Total targeted treatment with azithromycin, R3-Total targeted treatment with azithromycin
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  9. Infections caused byClinical microbiology reviews · 2024
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.

Lucy N JohnFrom the National Department of Health, Aopi Centre (L.N.J., W.H.), the School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea (L.N.J., O.M.), and the World Health Organization Representative Office in Papua New Guinea (J.K.W.), Port Moresby, the New Ireland Provincial Health Authority, Kavieng (M.S., E.J., E.M.), and Lihir Medical Center, International SOS, Lihir Island (R.K., O.M.) - all in Papua New Guinea; the Infectious Diseases Department and Fight AIDS and Infectious Diseases Foundation, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol (L.N.J., C.G.B., D.O., B.C., M.V.-M., O.M.), the Genomes for Life-Genomes of Catalonia Lab Group, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (I.G.-F.), and the IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute (B.C.), Badalona, the Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona (L.N.J.), and the Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (I.G.-F.), Barcelona, and Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, Vic (B.C., O.M.) - all in Spain; the Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (M. Medappa, P.P., D.Š.); the Parasites and Microbes Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton (M.A.B.), and the Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, and the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals, London (M. Marks) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and the Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle (L.G.); and the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (E.Q.M.).
Camila G BeirasFrom the National Department of Health, Aopi Centre (L.N.J., W.H.), the School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea (L.N.J., O.M.), and the World Health Organization Representative Office in Papua New Guinea (J.K.W.), Port Moresby, the New Ireland Provincial Health Authority, Kavieng (M.S., E.J., E.M.), and Lihir Medical Center, International SOS, Lihir Island (R.K., O.M.) - all in Papua New Guinea; the Infectious Diseases Department and Fight AIDS and Infectious Diseases Foundation, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol (L.N.J., C.G.B., D.O., B.C., M.V.-M., O.M.), the Genomes for Life-Genomes of Catalonia Lab Group, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (I.G.-F.), and the IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute (B.C.), Badalona, the Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona (L.N.J.), and the Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (I.G.-F.), Barcelona, and Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, Vic (B.C., O.M.) - all in Spain; the Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (M. Medappa, P.P., D.Š.); the Parasites and Microbes Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton (M.A.B.), and the Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, and the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals, London (M. Marks) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and the Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle (L.G.); and the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (E.Q.M.).
Wendy HouineiFrom the National Department of Health, Aopi Centre (L.N.J., W.H.), the School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea (L.N.J., O.M.), and the World Health Organization Representative Office in Papua New Guinea (J.K.W.), Port Moresby, the New Ireland Provincial Health Authority, Kavieng (M.S., E.J., E.M.), and Lihir Medical Center, International SOS, Lihir Island (R.K., O.M.) - all in Papua New Guinea; the Infectious Diseases Department and Fight AIDS and Infectious Diseases Foundation, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol (L.N.J., C.G.B., D.O., B.C., M.V.-M., O.M.), the Genomes for Life-Genomes of Catalonia Lab Group, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (I.G.-F.), and the IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute (B.C.), Badalona, the Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona (L.N.J.), and the Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (I.G.-F.), Barcelona, and Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, Vic (B.C., O.M.) - all in Spain; the Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (M. Medappa, P.P., D.Š.); the Parasites and Microbes Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton (M.A.B.), and the Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, and the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals, London (M. Marks) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and the Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle (L.G.); and the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (E.Q.M.).
Monica MedappaFrom the National Department of Health, Aopi Centre (L.N.J., W.H.), the School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea (L.N.J., O.M.), and the World Health Organization Representative Office in Papua New Guinea (J.K.W.), Port Moresby, the New Ireland Provincial Health Authority, Kavieng (M.S., E.J., E.M.), and Lihir Medical Center, International SOS, Lihir Island (R.K., O.M.) - all in Papua New Guinea; the Infectious Diseases Department and Fight AIDS and Infectious Diseases Foundation, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol (L.N.J., C.G.B., D.O., B.C., M.V.-M., O.M.), the Genomes for Life-Genomes of Catalonia Lab Group, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (I.G.-F.), and the IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute (B.C.), Badalona, the Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona (L.N.J.), and the Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (I.G.-F.), Barcelona, and Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, Vic (B.C., O.M.) - all in Spain; the Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (M. Medappa, P.P., D.Š.); the Parasites and Microbes Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton (M.A.B.), and the Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, and the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals, London (M. Marks) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and the Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle (L.G.); and the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (E.Q.M.).
Maria SabokFrom the National Department of Health, Aopi Centre (L.N.J., W.H.), the School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea (L.N.J., O.M.), and the World Health Organization Representative Office in Papua New Guinea (J.K.W.), Port Moresby, the New Ireland Provincial Health Authority, Kavieng (M.S., E.J., E.M.), and Lihir Medical Center, International SOS, Lihir Island (R.K., O.M.) - all in Papua New Guinea; the Infectious Diseases Department and Fight AIDS and Infectious Diseases Foundation, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol (L.N.J., C.G.B., D.O., B.C., M.V.-M., O.M.), the Genomes for Life-Genomes of Catalonia Lab Group, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (I.G.-F.), and the IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute (B.C.), Badalona, the Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona (L.N.J.), and the Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (I.G.-F.), Barcelona, and Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, Vic (B.C., O.M.) - all in Spain; the Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (M. Medappa, P.P., D.Š.); the Parasites and Microbes Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton (M.A.B.), and the Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, and the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals, London (M. Marks) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and the Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle (L.G.); and the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (E.Q.M.).
Reman KolmauFrom the National Department of Health, Aopi Centre (L.N.J., W.H.), the School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea (L.N.J., O.M.), and the World Health Organization Representative Office in Papua New Guinea (J.K.W.), Port Moresby, the New Ireland Provincial Health Authority, Kavieng (M.S., E.J., E.M.), and Lihir Medical Center, International SOS, Lihir Island (R.K., O.M.) - all in Papua New Guinea; the Infectious Diseases Department and Fight AIDS and Infectious Diseases Foundation, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol (L.N.J., C.G.B., D.O., B.C., M.V.-M., O.M.), the Genomes for Life-Genomes of Catalonia Lab Group, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (I.G.-F.), and the IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute (B.C.), Badalona, the Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona (L.N.J.), and the Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (I.G.-F.), Barcelona, and Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, Vic (B.C., O.M.) - all in Spain; the Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (M. Medappa, P.P., D.Š.); the Parasites and Microbes Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton (M.A.B.), and the Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, and the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals, London (M. Marks) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and the Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle (L.G.); and the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (E.Q.M.).
Eunice JonathanFrom the National Department of Health, Aopi Centre (L.N.J., W.H.), the School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea (L.N.J., O.M.), and the World Health Organization Representative Office in Papua New Guinea (J.K.W.), Port Moresby, the New Ireland Provincial Health Authority, Kavieng (M.S., E.J., E.M.), and Lihir Medical Center, International SOS, Lihir Island (R.K., O.M.) - all in Papua New Guinea; the Infectious Diseases Department and Fight AIDS and Infectious Diseases Foundation, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol (L.N.J., C.G.B., D.O., B.C., M.V.-M., O.M.), the Genomes for Life-Genomes of Catalonia Lab Group, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (I.G.-F.), and the IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute (B.C.), Badalona, the Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona (L.N.J.), and the Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (I.G.-F.), Barcelona, and Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, Vic (B.C., O.M.) - all in Spain; the Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (M. Medappa, P.P., D.Š.); the Parasites and Microbes Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton (M.A.B.), and the Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, and the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals, London (M. Marks) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and the Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle (L.G.); and the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (E.Q.M.).
Edward MaikaFrom the National Department of Health, Aopi Centre (L.N.J., W.H.), the School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea (L.N.J., O.M.), and the World Health Organization Representative Office in Papua New Guinea (J.K.W.), Port Moresby, the New Ireland Provincial Health Authority, Kavieng (M.S., E.J., E.M.), and Lihir Medical Center, International SOS, Lihir Island (R.K., O.M.) - all in Papua New Guinea; the Infectious Diseases Department and Fight AIDS and Infectious Diseases Foundation, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol (L.N.J., C.G.B., D.O., B.C., M.V.-M., O.M.), the Genomes for Life-Genomes of Catalonia Lab Group, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (I.G.-F.), and the IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute (B.C.), Badalona, the Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona (L.N.J.), and the Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (I.G.-F.), Barcelona, and Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, Vic (B.C., O.M.) - all in Spain; the Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (M. Medappa, P.P., D.Š.); the Parasites and Microbes Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton (M.A.B.), and the Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, and the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals, London (M. Marks) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and the Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle (L.G.); and the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (E.Q.M.).
James K WangiFrom the National Department of Health, Aopi Centre (L.N.J., W.H.), the School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea (L.N.J., O.M.), and the World Health Organization Representative Office in Papua New Guinea (J.K.W.), Port Moresby, the New Ireland Provincial Health Authority, Kavieng (M.S., E.J., E.M.), and Lihir Medical Center, International SOS, Lihir Island (R.K., O.M.) - all in Papua New Guinea; the Infectious Diseases Department and Fight AIDS and Infectious Diseases Foundation, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol (L.N.J., C.G.B., D.O., B.C., M.V.-M., O.M.), the Genomes for Life-Genomes of Catalonia Lab Group, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (I.G.-F.), and the IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute (B.C.), Badalona, the Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona (L.N.J.), and the Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (I.G.-F.), Barcelona, and Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, Vic (B.C., O.M.) - all in Spain; the Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (M. Medappa, P.P., D.Š.); the Parasites and Microbes Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton (M.A.B.), and the Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, and the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals, London (M. Marks) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and the Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle (L.G.); and the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (E.Q.M.).
Petra PospíšilováFrom the National Department of Health, Aopi Centre (L.N.J., W.H.), the School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea (L.N.J., O.M.), and the World Health Organization Representative Office in Papua New Guinea (J.K.W.), Port Moresby, the New Ireland Provincial Health Authority, Kavieng (M.S., E.J., E.M.), and Lihir Medical Center, International SOS, Lihir Island (R.K., O.M.) - all in Papua New Guinea; the Infectious Diseases Department and Fight AIDS and Infectious Diseases Foundation, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol (L.N.J., C.G.B., D.O., B.C., M.V.-M., O.M.), the Genomes for Life-Genomes of Catalonia Lab Group, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (I.G.-F.), and the IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute (B.C.), Badalona, the Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona (L.N.J.), and the Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (I.G.-F.), Barcelona, and Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, Vic (B.C., O.M.) - all in Spain; the Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (M. Medappa, P.P., D.Š.); the Parasites and Microbes Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton (M.A.B.), and the Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, and the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals, London (M. Marks) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and the Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle (L.G.); and the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (E.Q.M.).
David ŠmajsFrom the National Department of Health, Aopi Centre (L.N.J., W.H.), the School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea (L.N.J., O.M.), and the World Health Organization Representative Office in Papua New Guinea (J.K.W.), Port Moresby, the New Ireland Provincial Health Authority, Kavieng (M.S., E.J., E.M.), and Lihir Medical Center, International SOS, Lihir Island (R.K., O.M.) - all in Papua New Guinea; the Infectious Diseases Department and Fight AIDS and Infectious Diseases Foundation, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol (L.N.J., C.G.B., D.O., B.C., M.V.-M., O.M.), the Genomes for Life-Genomes of Catalonia Lab Group, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (I.G.-F.), and the IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute (B.C.), Badalona, the Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona (L.N.J.), and the Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (I.G.-F.), Barcelona, and Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, Vic (B.C., O.M.) - all in Spain; the Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (M. Medappa, P.P., D.Š.); the Parasites and Microbes Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton (M.A.B.), and the Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, and the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals, London (M. Marks) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and the Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle (L.G.); and the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (E.Q.M.).
Dan OuchiFrom the National Department of Health, Aopi Centre (L.N.J., W.H.), the School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea (L.N.J., O.M.), and the World Health Organization Representative Office in Papua New Guinea (J.K.W.), Port Moresby, the New Ireland Provincial Health Authority, Kavieng (M.S., E.J., E.M.), and Lihir Medical Center, International SOS, Lihir Island (R.K., O.M.) - all in Papua New Guinea; the Infectious Diseases Department and Fight AIDS and Infectious Diseases Foundation, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol (L.N.J., C.G.B., D.O., B.C., M.V.-M., O.M.), the Genomes for Life-Genomes of Catalonia Lab Group, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (I.G.-F.), and the IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute (B.C.), Badalona, the Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona (L.N.J.), and the Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (I.G.-F.), Barcelona, and Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, Vic (B.C., O.M.) - all in Spain; the Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (M. Medappa, P.P., D.Š.); the Parasites and Microbes Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton (M.A.B.), and the Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, and the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals, London (M. Marks) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and the Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle (L.G.); and the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (E.Q.M.).
Iván Galván-FemeníaFrom the National Department of Health, Aopi Centre (L.N.J., W.H.), the School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea (L.N.J., O.M.), and the World Health Organization Representative Office in Papua New Guinea (J.K.W.), Port Moresby, the New Ireland Provincial Health Authority, Kavieng (M.S., E.J., E.M.), and Lihir Medical Center, International SOS, Lihir Island (R.K., O.M.) - all in Papua New Guinea; the Infectious Diseases Department and Fight AIDS and Infectious Diseases Foundation, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol (L.N.J., C.G.B., D.O., B.C., M.V.-M., O.M.), the Genomes for Life-Genomes of Catalonia Lab Group, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (I.G.-F.), and the IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute (B.C.), Badalona, the Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona (L.N.J.), and the Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (I.G.-F.), Barcelona, and Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, Vic (B.C., O.M.) - all in Spain; the Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (M. Medappa, P.P., D.Š.); the Parasites and Microbes Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton (M.A.B.), and the Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, and the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals, London (M. Marks) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and the Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle (L.G.); and the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (E.Q.M.).
Mathew A BealeFrom the National Department of Health, Aopi Centre (L.N.J., W.H.), the School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea (L.N.J., O.M.), and the World Health Organization Representative Office in Papua New Guinea (J.K.W.), Port Moresby, the New Ireland Provincial Health Authority, Kavieng (M.S., E.J., E.M.), and Lihir Medical Center, International SOS, Lihir Island (R.K., O.M.) - all in Papua New Guinea; the Infectious Diseases Department and Fight AIDS and Infectious Diseases Foundation, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol (L.N.J., C.G.B., D.O., B.C., M.V.-M., O.M.), the Genomes for Life-Genomes of Catalonia Lab Group, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (I.G.-F.), and the IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute (B.C.), Badalona, the Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona (L.N.J.), and the Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (I.G.-F.), Barcelona, and Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, Vic (B.C., O.M.) - all in Spain; the Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (M. Medappa, P.P., D.Š.); the Parasites and Microbes Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton (M.A.B.), and the Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, and the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals, London (M. Marks) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and the Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle (L.G.); and the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (E.Q.M.).ORCID 0000-0002-4740-3187
Lorenzo GiacaniFrom the National Department of Health, Aopi Centre (L.N.J., W.H.), the School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea (L.N.J., O.M.), and the World Health Organization Representative Office in Papua New Guinea (J.K.W.), Port Moresby, the New Ireland Provincial Health Authority, Kavieng (M.S., E.J., E.M.), and Lihir Medical Center, International SOS, Lihir Island (R.K., O.M.) - all in Papua New Guinea; the Infectious Diseases Department and Fight AIDS and Infectious Diseases Foundation, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol (L.N.J., C.G.B., D.O., B.C., M.V.-M., O.M.), the Genomes for Life-Genomes of Catalonia Lab Group, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (I.G.-F.), and the IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute (B.C.), Badalona, the Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona (L.N.J.), and the Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (I.G.-F.), Barcelona, and Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, Vic (B.C., O.M.) - all in Spain; the Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (M. Medappa, P.P., D.Š.); the Parasites and Microbes Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton (M.A.B.), and the Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, and the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals, London (M. Marks) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and the Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle (L.G.); and the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (E.Q.M.).
Bonaventura ClotetFrom the National Department of Health, Aopi Centre (L.N.J., W.H.), the School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea (L.N.J., O.M.), and the World Health Organization Representative Office in Papua New Guinea (J.K.W.), Port Moresby, the New Ireland Provincial Health Authority, Kavieng (M.S., E.J., E.M.), and Lihir Medical Center, International SOS, Lihir Island (R.K., O.M.) - all in Papua New Guinea; the Infectious Diseases Department and Fight AIDS and Infectious Diseases Foundation, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol (L.N.J., C.G.B., D.O., B.C., M.V.-M., O.M.), the Genomes for Life-Genomes of Catalonia Lab Group, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (I.G.-F.), and the IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute (B.C.), Badalona, the Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona (L.N.J.), and the Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (I.G.-F.), Barcelona, and Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, Vic (B.C., O.M.) - all in Spain; the Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (M. Medappa, P.P., D.Š.); the Parasites and Microbes Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton (M.A.B.), and the Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, and the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals, London (M. Marks) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and the Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle (L.G.); and the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (E.Q.M.).
Eric Q MooringFrom the National Department of Health, Aopi Centre (L.N.J., W.H.), the School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea (L.N.J., O.M.), and the World Health Organization Representative Office in Papua New Guinea (J.K.W.), Port Moresby, the New Ireland Provincial Health Authority, Kavieng (M.S., E.J., E.M.), and Lihir Medical Center, International SOS, Lihir Island (R.K., O.M.) - all in Papua New Guinea; the Infectious Diseases Department and Fight AIDS and Infectious Diseases Foundation, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol (L.N.J., C.G.B., D.O., B.C., M.V.-M., O.M.), the Genomes for Life-Genomes of Catalonia Lab Group, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (I.G.-F.), and the IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute (B.C.), Badalona, the Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona (L.N.J.), and the Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (I.G.-F.), Barcelona, and Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, Vic (B.C., O.M.) - all in Spain; the Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (M. Medappa, P.P., D.Š.); the Parasites and Microbes Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton (M.A.B.), and the Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, and the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals, London (M. Marks) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and the Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle (L.G.); and the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (E.Q.M.).
Michael MarksFrom the National Department of Health, Aopi Centre (L.N.J., W.H.), the School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea (L.N.J., O.M.), and the World Health Organization Representative Office in Papua New Guinea (J.K.W.), Port Moresby, the New Ireland Provincial Health Authority, Kavieng (M.S., E.J., E.M.), and Lihir Medical Center, International SOS, Lihir Island (R.K., O.M.) - all in Papua New Guinea; the Infectious Diseases Department and Fight AIDS and Infectious Diseases Foundation, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol (L.N.J., C.G.B., D.O., B.C., M.V.-M., O.M.), the Genomes for Life-Genomes of Catalonia Lab Group, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (I.G.-F.), and the IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute (B.C.), Badalona, the Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona (L.N.J.), and the Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (I.G.-F.), Barcelona, and Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, Vic (B.C., O.M.) - all in Spain; the Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (M. Medappa, P.P., D.Š.); the Parasites and Microbes Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton (M.A.B.), and the Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, and the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals, London (M. Marks) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and the Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle (L.G.); and the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (E.Q.M.).ORCID 0000-0002-7585-4743
Martí Vall-MayansFrom the National Department of Health, Aopi Centre (L.N.J., W.H.), the School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea (L.N.J., O.M.), and the World Health Organization Representative Office in Papua New Guinea (J.K.W.), Port Moresby, the New Ireland Provincial Health Authority, Kavieng (M.S., E.J., E.M.), and Lihir Medical Center, International SOS, Lihir Island (R.K., O.M.) - all in Papua New Guinea; the Infectious Diseases Department and Fight AIDS and Infectious Diseases Foundation, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol (L.N.J., C.G.B., D.O., B.C., M.V.-M., O.M.), the Genomes for Life-Genomes of Catalonia Lab Group, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (I.G.-F.), and the IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute (B.C.), Badalona, the Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona (L.N.J.), and the Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (I.G.-F.), Barcelona, and Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, Vic (B.C., O.M.) - all in Spain; the Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (M. Medappa, P.P., D.Š.); the Parasites and Microbes Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton (M.A.B.), and the Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, and the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals, London (M. Marks) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and the Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle (L.G.); and the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (E.Q.M.).
Oriol MitjàFrom the National Department of Health, Aopi Centre (L.N.J., W.H.), the School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea (L.N.J., O.M.), and the World Health Organization Representative Office in Papua New Guinea (J.K.W.), Port Moresby, the New Ireland Provincial Health Authority, Kavieng (M.S., E.J., E.M.), and Lihir Medical Center, International SOS, Lihir Island (R.K., O.M.) - all in Papua New Guinea; the Infectious Diseases Department and Fight AIDS and Infectious Diseases Foundation, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol (L.N.J., C.G.B., D.O., B.C., M.V.-M., O.M.), the Genomes for Life-Genomes of Catalonia Lab Group, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (I.G.-F.), and the IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute (B.C.), Badalona, the Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona (L.N.J.), and the Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (I.G.-F.), Barcelona, and Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, Vic (B.C., O.M.) - all in Spain; the Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (M. Medappa, P.P., D.Š.); the Parasites and Microbes Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton (M.A.B.), and the Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, and the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals, London (M. Marks) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and the Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle (L.G.); and the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (E.Q.M.).
National Department of Health · PGUniversitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya · ESHarvard University · USRoyal London Hospital · GBUniversity of Papua New Guinea · PGUniversity of Washington · USWellcome Sanger Institute · GB

Funding

Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases and BiodefenseT32AI007535 · NIAID · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (SCH OF PUBLIC HLTH) · PI GRAD, YONATAN H, MURRAY, MEGAN B · 1998 to 2025
$4.8M
NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI007535Wellcome Trust 206194World Health Organization 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

background

methodsIn an open-label, cluster-randomized, community-based trial conducted in a yaws-endemic area of Papua New Guinea, we randomly assigned 38 wards (i.e., clusters) to receive one round of mass administration of azithromycin followed by two rounds of target treatment of active cases (control group) or three rounds of mass administration of azithromycin (experimental group); round 1 was administered at baseline, round 2 at 6 months, and round 3 at 12 months. The coprimary end points were the prevalence of active cases of yaws, confirmed by polymerase-chain-reaction assay, in the entire trial population and the prevalence of latent yaws, confirmed by serologic testing, in a subgroup of asymptomatic children 1 to 15 years of age; prevalences were measured at 18 months, and the between-group differences were calculated.

resultsOf the 38 wards, 19 were randomly assigned to the control group (30,438 persons) and 19 to the experimental group (26,238 persons). A total of 24,848 doses of azithromycin were administered in the control group (22,033 were given to the participants at round 1 and 207 and 2608 were given to the participants with yaws-like lesions and their contacts, respectively, at rounds 2 and 3 [combined]), and 59,852 doses were administered in the experimental group. At 18 months, the prevalence of active yaws had decreased from 0.46% (102 of 22,033 persons) at baseline to 0.16% (47 of 29,954 persons) in the control group and from 0.43% (87 of 20,331 persons) at baseline to 0.04% (10 of 25,987 persons) in the experimental group (relative risk adjusted for clustering, 4.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.90 to 8.76). The prevalence of other infectious ulcers decreased to a similar extent in the two treatment groups. The prevalence of latent yaws at 18 months was 6.54% (95% CI, 5.00 to 8.08) among 994 children in the control group and 3.28% (95% CI, 2.14 to 4.42) among 945 children in the experimental group (relative risk adjusted for clustering and age, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.12 to 3.70). Three cases of yaws with resistance to macrolides were found in the experimental group.

conclusionsThe reduction in the community prevalence of yaws was greater with three rounds of mass administration of azithromycin at 6-month intervals than with one round of mass administration of azithromycin followed by two rounds of targeted treatment. Monitoring for the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance is needed. (Funded by Fundació "la Caixa" and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03490123.).

Indexed as

Mass Drug AdministrationAdolescentAnti-Bacterial AgentsAzithromycinChildChild, PreschoolDrug Resistance, BacterialFemaleHaemophilus ducreyiHumansInfantMalePapua New GuineaPolymerase Chain ReactionPrevalenceSkin UlcerAnti-Bacterial AgentsAzithromycin

Identifiers

PMID34986286
PMCPMC7612200
OpenAlexW4206458564

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