Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34984801›Full record

ArticlePlant biotechnology journal2022

PhieABEs: a PAM-less/free high-efficiency adenine base editor toolbox with wide target scope in plants.

Jiantao Tan, Dongchang Zeng, Yanchang Zhao, Yaxi Wang, Taoli Liu, Shuangchun Li, Yang Xue, Yuyu Luo, Xianrong Xie, Letian Chen and 2 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Plant biotechnology journal, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
43citing papers in PubMed
6.2field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

43 citing papers in PubMed, 77 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Genome Editing Approaches in Flax (International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Advances and Applications of Plant Base Editing Technologies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
  9. Article
  10. CRISPR/Cas system-mediated transgene-free or DNA-free genome editing in plants.TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik · 2025
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Advancing Precision Medicine: Recent Innovations in Gene Editing Technologies.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
    Review
  15. Editing theInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Article
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Jiantao Tan *State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangzhou, China.
Dongchang Zeng *State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangzhou, China.
Yanchang Zhao *State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangzhou, China.
Yaxi WangState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangzhou, China.
Taoli LiuState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangzhou, China.
Shuangchun LiState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangzhou, China.
Yang XueState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangzhou, China.
Yuyu LuoState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangzhou, China.
Xianrong XieState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangzhou, China.
Letian ChenState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangzhou, China.ORCID 0000-0001-6413-636X
Yao-Guang LiuState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangzhou, China.ORCID 0000-0001-9201-2997
Qinlong ZhuState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangzhou, China.ORCID 0000-0001-7622-6450
South China Agricultural University · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Adenine base editors (ABEs), which are generally engineered adenosine deaminases and Cas variants, introduce site-specific A-to-G mutations for agronomic trait improvement. However, notably varying editing efficiencies, restrictive requirements for protospacer-adjacent motifs (PAMs) and a narrow editing window greatly limit their application. Here, we developed a robust high-efficiency ABE (PhieABE) toolbox for plants by fusing an evolved, highly active form of the adenosine deaminase TadA8e and a single-stranded DNA-binding domain (DBD), based on PAM-less/free Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9) nickase variants that recognize the PAM NGN (for SpCas9n-NG and SpGn) or NNN (for SpRYn). By targeting 29 representative targets in rice and assessing the results, we demonstrate that PhieABEs have significantly improved base-editing activity, expanded target range and broader editing windows compared to the ABE7.10 and general ABE8e systems. Among these PhieABEs, hyper ABE8e-DBD-SpRYn (hyABE8e-SpRY) showed nearly 100% editing efficiency at some tested sites, with a high proportion of homozygous base substitutions in the editing windows and no single guide RNA (sgRNA)-dependent off-target changes. The original sgRNA was more compatible with PhieABEs than the evolved sgRNA. In conclusion, the DBD fusion effectively promotes base-editing efficiency, and this novel PhieABE toolbox should have wide applications in plant functional genomics and crop improvement.

Indexed as

CRISPR-Associated Protein 9Gene EditingAdenineCRISPR-Cas SystemsGenome, PlantAdenineCRISPR-Associated Protein 9adenine base editorsCas9 variantsCRISPRricesingle-stranded DNA-binding domain (DBD)TadA8e

Identifiers

PMID34984801
PMCPMC9055815
OpenAlexW4205661453

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.