Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34984564›Full record

ArticleAAPS PharmSciTech2022

Solid Dispersions of Gefitinib Prepared by Spray Drying with Improved Mucoadhesive and Drug Dissolution Properties.

Wesam W Mustafa, John Fletcher, Mouhamad Khoder, Raid G Alany

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in AAPS PharmSciTech, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.6field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  17. EudragitBiomedicines · 2022
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Wesam W MustafaDrug Discovery, Delivery and Patient Care Theme, Department of Pharmacy, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames, KT1 2EE, UK. w.mustafa@kingston.ac.uk.
John FletcherDrug Discovery, Delivery and Patient Care Theme, Department of Pharmacy, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames, KT1 2EE, UK.
Mouhamad KhoderDrug Discovery, Delivery and Patient Care Theme, Department of Pharmacy, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames, KT1 2EE, UK.
Raid G AlanyDrug Discovery, Delivery and Patient Care Theme, Department of Pharmacy, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames, KT1 2EE, UK.
Kingston University · GBUniversity of Auckland · NZ

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Gefitinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is intended for oral administration yet suffers poor bioavailability along with undesirable side effects. To enhance its solubility and allow colon targeting, gefitinib (ZD) and blends of different ratios of polymers (ternary dispersion) were prepared in organic solution, and solid dispersions were generated employing the spray drying (SD) technique. The methylmethacrylate polymer Eudragit S 100 was incorporated for colon targeting; polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) were utilised to improve the solubility of ZD. SEM, DSC, XRPD, FT-IR, dissolution and cytotoxicity studies were undertaken to characterise and evaluate the developed formulations. SEM images revealed that the rod-shaped crystals of ZD were transformed into collapsed spheres with smaller particle size in the spray-dried particles. DSC, FTIR and XRPD studies showed that ZD loaded in the spray-dried dispersions was amorphous. ZD dissolution and release studies revealed that while a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the ZD dissolution and release was observed from HPMC-based solid dispersion at pH 7.2 (up to 95% in 15 h), practically no drug was released at pH 1.2 and pH 6.5. Furthermore, the HPMC-based solid dispersions displayed enhanced mucoadhesive properties compared with PVP-based ones. Interestingly, cell viability studies using the neutral red assay showed that PVP and HPMC-based solid dispersions had no additional inhibitory effect on Caco-2 cell line compared to the pure drug.

Indexed as

Spray DryingCaco-2 CellsDrug LiberationGefitinibHumansSolubilitySpectroscopy, Fourier Transform InfraredGefitinibcolon-targetingEudragit S 100gefitinibHPMCPVPsolid dispersion

Identifiers

PMID34984564
PMCPMC8816420
OpenAlexW4206021255

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.