ArticleCellular & molecular immunology2022
Safety, immunogenicity, and protection provided by unadjuvanted and adjuvanted formulations of a recombinant plant-derived virus-like particle vaccine candidate for COVID-19 in nonhuman primates.
Article in Cellular & molecular immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Durability and cross-reactivity of immune responses induced by a plant-based virus-like particle vaccine for COVID-19.Nature communications · 2022Trial
- Efficacy and Safety of a Recombinant Plant-Based Adjuvanted Covid-19 Vaccine.The New England journal of medicine · 2022Trial
- Review
- A decoy virus strategy using plant-produced SARS-CoV-2 virus-like-particles to inhibit infection and lung injury.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Learn from nature: Biomimetic nanocarriers for intracellular protein delivery.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Review
- Review
- Nasal and Ocular Immunization with Bacteriophage Virus-like Particle Vaccines Elicits Distinct Systemic and Mucosal Antibody Profiles.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Rapid In Vivo Screening of Monoclonal Antibody Cocktails Using Hydrodynamic Delivery of DNA-Encoded Modified Antibodies.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Advances in the structure-based design of protein vaccines for respiratory infectious diseases.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2025Review
- Exploring recent progress of molecular farming for therapeutic and recombinant molecules in plant systems.Heliyon · 2024Review
- Capsid virus-like particle display improves recombinant influenza neuraminidase antigen stability and immunogenicity in mice.iScience · 2024Article
- AS03 adjuvant enhances the magnitude, persistence, and clonal breadth of memory B cell responses to a plant-based COVID-19 vaccine in humans.Science immunology · 2024Article
- Controlling the Quality of Nanodrugs According to Their New Property-Radiothermal Emission.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Utilizing Plant Protein Secretion System for Pharmaceutical Protein Production.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Advances in virus-like particle-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- The design of synthetic gene circuits in plants: new components, old challenges.Journal of experimental botany · 2023Review
- Robust induction of functional humoral response by a plant-derived Coronavirus-like particle vaccine candidate for COVID-19.NPJ vaccines · 2023Article
- Respiratory Viruses and Virus-like Particle Vaccine Development: How Far Have We Advanced?Viruses · 2023Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
23 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Although antivirals are important tools to control severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, effective vaccines are essential to control the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Plant-derived virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine candidates have previously demonstrated immunogenicity and efficacy against influenza. Here, we report the immunogenicity and protection induced in rhesus macaques by intramuscular injections of a VLP bearing a SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (CoVLP) vaccine candidate formulated with or without Adjuvant System 03 (AS03) or cytidine-phospho-guanosine (CpG) 1018. Although a single dose of the unadjuvanted CoVLP vaccine candidate stimulated humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, booster immunization (at 28 days after priming) and adjuvant administration significantly improved both responses, with higher immunogenicity and protection provided by the AS03-adjuvanted CoVLP. Fifteen micrograms of CoVLP adjuvanted with AS03 induced a polyfunctional interleukin-2 (IL-2)-driven response and IL-4 expression in CD4 T cells. Animals were challenged by multiple routes (i.e., intratracheal, intranasal, and ocular) with a total viral dose of 10
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.