Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34983868›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2022

Unlocking adults' implicit statistical learning by cognitive depletion.

Eleonore H M Smalle, Tatsuya Daikoku, Arnaud Szmalec, Wouter Duyck, Riikka Möttönen

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
34citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

34 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Aberrant Neural Entrainment to Word-Level Speech Patterns in Fragile X Syndrome: Evidence for a Statistical Learning Deficit.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Repetitions trigger illusory awareness in implicit statistical learning.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Eleonore H M SmalleDepartment of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; eleonore.smalle@ugent.be.ORCID 0000-0003-2363-5693
Tatsuya DaikokuInternational Research Center for Neurointelligence, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 158-8557, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-6464-2964
Arnaud SzmalecDepartment of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0003-3903-3953
Wouter DuyckDepartment of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0003-2114-6212
Riikka MöttönenSchool of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2QL, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-4533-4277

Funding

Medical Research Council G1000566
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Human learning is supported by multiple neural mechanisms that maturate at different rates and interact in mostly cooperative but also sometimes competitive ways. We tested the hypothesis that mature cognitive mechanisms constrain implicit statistical learning mechanisms that contribute to early language acquisition. Specifically, we tested the prediction that depleting cognitive control mechanisms in adults enhances their implicit, auditory word-segmentation abilities. Young adults were exposed to continuous streams of syllables that repeated into hidden novel words while watching a silent film. Afterward, learning was measured in a forced-choice test that contrasted hidden words with nonwords. The participants also had to indicate whether they explicitly recalled the word or not in order to dissociate explicit versus implicit knowledge. We additionally measured electroencephalography during exposure to measure neural entrainment to the repeating words. Engagement of the cognitive mechanisms was manipulated by using two methods. In experiment 1 (

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultCognitionElectroencephalographyFemaleHumansLanguageLanguage DevelopmentLearningLinguisticsMaleMemory, Short-TermMental RecallPrefrontal CortexTranscranial Magnetic StimulationYoung Adultauditory statistical learningcognitive loadelectroencephalographyimplicit learningtranscranial magnetic stimulation

Identifiers

PMID34983868
PMCPMC8764693

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.