SynthesisProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2022
The effectiveness of nudging: A meta-analysis of choice architecture interventions across behavioral domains.
Synthesis in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 117 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
117 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The effectiveness of nudge-based physical activity interventions in frail older adults: a systematic review.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2026Pooled it
- Meaningfully reducing consumption of meat and animal products is an unsolved problem: A meta-analysis.Appetite · 2026Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of social norms messaging approaches for improving health behaviours in developed countries.Nature human behaviour · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy of relational agents for loneliness across age groups: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Behavioral Economic Incentive Programs for Goal Achievement on Healthy Diet, Weight Control and Physical Activity: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2023Pooled it
- The effectiveness of nudging: A meta-analysis of choice architecture interventions across behavioral domains.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- Defaults at Work: A Field Experiment on the Effect of Nudges on Stand-Up Working.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Trial
- Using an inferior decoy alternative to nudge COVID-19 vaccination.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Efficacy of Behavioral Economic Nudges to Assist Teen Mothers: the Healthy Adolescent Transitions Randomized Controlled Trial.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2024Trial
- Employees' Baseline Food Choices and the Effect of a Workplace Intervention to Promote Healthy Eating: Secondary Analysis of the ChooseWell 365 Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2023Trial
- Using Nudges to Reduce Missed Appointments in Primary Care and Mental Health: a Pragmatic Trial.Journal of general internal medicine · 2023Trial
- Nudge-Based Interventions on Health Promotion Activity Among Very Old People: A Pragmatic, 2-Arm, Participant-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · 2023Trial
- Loss-framing of information and pre-vaccination consultation improve COVID-19 vaccine acceptance: A survey experiment.Frontiers in public health · 2023Trial
- BriDGE the gap: Improving behavioral research by integrating DAGs and GAMs into experiments.Behavior research methods · 2026Article
- Healthy Food Corners as Spatial Nudges: Consumer Awareness, Perceived Necessity, and Design Preferences in Convenience Stores.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Exploring facilitators and barriers to the implementation of prehabilitation for individuals with pancreatic cancer: a survey of healthcare professionals.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Article
- Engaging Choice Architecture: Interventions in the Emergency Medicine Standardized Letter (eSLOE 2.0) to Adjust Rater Behaviors.Journal of graduate medical education · 2026Article
57 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Over the past decade, choice architecture interventions or so-called nudges have received widespread attention from both researchers and policy makers. Built on insights from the behavioral sciences, this class of behavioral interventions focuses on the design of choice environments that facilitate personally and socially desirable decisions without restricting people in their freedom of choice. Drawing on more than 200 studies reporting over 450 effect sizes (
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.