ArticleBMC cancer2022
Secretion of BMP-2 by tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) promotes microcalcifications in breast cancer.
Article in BMC cancer, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Osteomimetic microcalcification shapes the breast tumor microenvironment and metastatic potential.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2026Review
- Applying integrated transcriptome and single-cell sequencing analysis to develop a prognostic signature based on M2-like tumor-associated macrophages for breast cancer.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Mechanisms of tumor-associated macrophages in breast cancer and treatment strategy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Intratumoral calcification seems like the tree rings for tumours such as oligodendroglioma.European radiology · 2024Article
- The interplay of collagen, macrophages, and microcalcification in atherosclerotic plaque cap rupture mechanics.Basic research in cardiology · 2024Review
- Unique macrophage phenotypes activated by BMP signaling in breast cancer bone metastases.JCI insight · 2024Article
- Ultrasound-triggered biomimetic ultrashort peptide nanofiber hydrogels promote bone regeneration by modulating macrophage and the osteogenic immune microenvironment.Bioactive materials · 2024Article
- The Prospects of Using Structural Phase Analysis of Microcalcifications in Breast Cancer Diagnostics.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- BMP2 as a promising anticancer approach: functions and molecular mechanisms.Investigational new drugs · 2022Review
- Article
- Construction of an immune-related gene signature for the prognosis and diagnosis of glioblastoma multiforme.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionBreast microcalcifications is a characteristic feature in diagnostic imaging and a prognostic factor of breast cancer. However, the underlying mechanisms of breast microcalcifications formation are not fully understood. Previous studies have shown that upregulation of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) is associated with the occurrence of microcalcifications and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the tumor microenvironment can secrete BMP-2. The aim of this study is to elucidate the role of secretion of BMP-2 by TAMs in promoting microcalcifications of breast cancer through immunohistochemical staining and co-culturing of breast cancer cells with TAMs.
methodsA total of 272 patients diagnosed with primary invasive breast cancer from January 2010 to January 2012 in the First Hospital of China Medical University were included in this study. Immunohistochemical staining of CD68 (marker of entire macrophages), CD168 (marker of the M2-like macrophages) and BMP-2 were performed on 4-μm tissue microarray (TMA) sections. Following induction, THP-1 cells were differentiated to M2-like TAMs and were then co-cultured with breast cancer cells (MCF-7). Calcifications and BMP-2 expression were analyzed by Alizarin Red S staining and western blot, respectively.
resultsImmunohistochemical analysis showed that the expression of CD168 was significantly increased in tissues with microcalcifications and was correlated with the expression of BMP-2 and poor prognosis. The formation of cellular microcalcifications and BMP-2 expression were significantly increased in MCF-7 cells co-cultured with TAMs compared with MCF-7 cells alone.
conclusionsThese findings support the hypothesis that TAMs secrete BMP-2 to induce microcalcifications in breast cancer cells and influence prognosis via multiple pathways including BMP-2 and its downstream factors.
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