ReviewBMC psychiatry2022
The usefulness of virtual, augmented, and mixed reality technologies in the diagnosis and treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children: an overview of relevant studies.
Review in BMC psychiatry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effectiveness and User Experience of Immersive Virtual Reality in Cognitive Rehabilitation for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Systematic Review.JMIR mental health · 2025Pooled it
- Evaluating virtual reality technology in psychotherapy: impacts on anxiety, depression, and ADHD.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Metaverse Space-Based Exercise Video Distribution in Young Adults: Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2024Trial
- M-Health Interventions to Support Parents of Children with ADHD: A Systematic Review.Clinical child and family psychology review · 2026Review
- Innovative Educational Technologies in Undergraduate Mental Health Nursing Education: A Scoping Review.International journal of mental health nursing · 2026Article
- Neural Correlates of Virtual Reality Intervention in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Resting-State fMRI Study Based on Percent Amplitude of Fluctuation.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Digital Psychiatry with Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality: Recent Advances and Limitations.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Multimodal Virtual Reality Assessment of Medication Effects in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Its Distinction From Depression: Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR human factors · 2026Article
- Impaired Attention Functioning in Children and Adolescents with Obesity: Preliminary Results Based on the Computerized Continuous Performance Test.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Acceptance of virtual reality to promote attention orientation in children: a qualitative study among children with ADHD and neurotypical development.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Integrating augmented reality technology into physical therapy in the school setting: a feasibility study.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Fast and effective assessment for individuals with special needs form optimization and prediction models.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- A bibliometric analysis of augmented reality and mixed reality applied in minimally invasive surgery.Journal of robotic surgery · 2025Review
- Virtual Reality High-Intensity Interval Training Exergaming Compared to Traditional High-Intensity Circuit Training Among Medical Students: Pilot Crossover Study.JMIR serious games · 2025Article
- Enhancing attention and emotion regulation in children with ADHD through AR digital picture books: a structural equation modeling approach.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Virtual reality, social intelligence, mirror neurons, and bipolar spectrum: a new perspective.Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999) · 2025Article
- The application of metaverse in mental health.Frontiers in public health · 2025Review
- Effect of Virtual Reality Technology on Attention and Motor Ability in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JMIR serious games · 2024Review
- Cyborg Children: A Systematic Literature Review on the Experience of Children Using Extended Reality.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Patient-Generated Health Data (PGHD): Understanding, Requirements, Challenges, and Existing Techniques for Data Security and Privacy.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by attention problems, excessive physical activity, and impulsivity. ADHD affects not only the patients but also their families. The development and use of technologies such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR) for ADHD has increased over recent years. However, little is known about their potential usefulness. This overview aimed to clarify the current knowledge about the use of these three innovative technologies for the diagnosis and treatment of children with ADHD.
methodsThis overview was conducted using the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases until January 24th, 2021. The following descriptive information was compiled from the identified studies: country, year of publication, sample size, study design, ADHD diagnosis methods, applied technology, hardware equipment, clinical target, and main findings.
resultsThe initial database searches yielded 409 articles, but 103 were removed as duplicates. Eventually, 30 eligible studies remained for analysis, the majority of which were case-control (n = 22, 73%). Regarding the applied technology/hardware equipment, VR (n = 27; 90%), head-mounted displays (n = 19, 63%), VR-based continuous performance tests (VR-CPT) (n = 21, 70%) were most frequently used. Most studies (n = 21, 70%) used the DSM criteria for the diagnosis of childhood ADHD. They primarily evaluated the utility of these technologies in assessing ADHD symptoms (n = 10, 33%) and improving the ADHD diagnostic process (n = 7, 23%).
conclusionThis comprehensive overview evaluated the studies on the use of VR, AR, and MR technologies for children with ADHD. These technologies seem to be promising tools for improving the diagnosis and management of ADHD in this population.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.