Trial reportBMC psychiatry2022
Perceived burden and family functioning among informal caregivers of individuals living with schizophrenia in Tanzania: a cross-sectional study.
Trial report in BMC psychiatry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- The cognitive model of negative symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the dysfunctional belief systems associated with negative symptoms in schizophrenia spectrum disorders.Psychological medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Burden of care among caregivers of people with mental illness in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of community-based rehabilitation on caregivers of people with schizophrenia in Ethiopia in the RISE trial.BMC psychiatry · 2025Trial
- Hopefulness among individuals living with schizophrenia and their caregivers in Tanzania: an actor-partner interdependence model.BMC psychiatry · 2023Trial
- The global cost of schizophrenia: a health economic modelling study.International journal of mental health systems · 2026Article
- Ethical challenges researchers encounter during the informed consent processes for research involving people with schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder: a qualitative assessment.BMC medical ethics · 2026Article
- Mental wellbeing of family caregivers of people living with mental illness in Kenya: Who cares? A cross-sectional study.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Disclosure of HIV status and its association with quality of life and depressive symptoms among children with HIV in North-Eastern Tanzania.AIDS research and therapy · 2026Article
- Psychometric evaluation of a multidimensional family resource assessment tool for schizophrenia (M-FRAT) from caregivers' perspectives in communities of Beijing, China.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Testing the stress process model in family caregivers of Chinese children and adolescents with depression.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Effect of a positive thinking skills training program on psychological adjustment among psychiatric patients' caregivers.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Investigating the relationship between mental health literacy, care burden and emotional styles in family caregivers of people with mental disorders.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Community-based recovery interventions for improving mental health in schizophrenia patients: a scoping review in Southeast Asia.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Sequential mediation model of social support, care burden, and internalized stigma among family function and depression in caregivers of patients with schizophrenia: evidence from a cross-sectional study in southwest China.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2025Article
- Exploring the role of perceived social support, and spiritual well-being in predicting the family Caregiving burden among the parents of disabled children.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Quantifying the Societal Impacts of Schizophrenia: A Survey of Caregivers.Psychiatric research and clinical practice · 2025Article
- Early intervention in psychosis programs in Africa, Asia and Latin America; challenges and recommendations.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2025Review
- Psychosocial and psychological interventions for schizophrenia relapse prevention: A bibliometric analysis.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2024Article
- Patient's disability and caregiver burden among Chinese family caregivers of individual living with schizophrenia: mediation effects of potentially harmful behavior, affiliate stigma, and social support.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- Factors influencing family function in spousal caregivers of head and neck cancer patients within 6 months posttreatment.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGlobally, families play a critical role in providing care and support for persons living with schizophrenia. It is important to identify potentially modifiable factors that influence perceived caregiver burden in order to properly address the needs of caregivers. This is especially relevant in low-resource settings where psychiatric services are scarce and interventions could be most effective if targeted to both the individual living with schizophrenia and their caregiver. This study examines correlates of perceived burden among informal caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia in Tanzania, in particular, the association between burden and caregiver-reported family functioning.
methodsThis study used baseline data from an individually randomized controlled trial with 65 pairs of individuals with schizophrenia and their informal caregivers in Dar es Salaam and Mbeya, Tanzania. Caregiver burden was measured using the Burden Assessment Scale. Univariable and multivariable regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship between caregiver burden and family functioning and to explore other correlates of burden.
resultsSixty-three percent of caregivers reported experiencing high burden as a result of caring for a relative with schizophrenia. Multivariable regression analyses revealed that poor family functioning and the caregiver being employed were associated with high caregiver burden, while higher levels of hopefulness in the caregiver was associated with low caregiver burden.
conclusionCaregivers who were employed, reported poor family functioning, and/or had low levels of hopefulness were more likely to perceive high caregiver burden. Future interventions aiming to reduce caregiver burden may benefit from improving family functioning and nurturing hope among caregivers of individuals living with schizophrenia. Policies and programs should be cognizant of the needs of caregivers that work in addition to providing care for a relative with schizophrenia in order to better support them.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.