Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34983255›Full record

ArticleJournal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)2022

Validation of the Psychological Insight Scale: A new scale to assess psychological insight following a psychedelic experience.

Joseph M Peill, Katie E Trinci, Hannes Kettner, Lea J Mertens, Leor Roseman, Christopher Timmermann, Fernando E Rosas, Taylor Lyons, Robin L Carhart-Harris

Abstract readValidation Study
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
60citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

60 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Trial
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  6. Psychedelics and the 'inner healer': Myth or mechanism?Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2024
    Trial
  7. Trial
  8. Trial
  9. Trial
  10. Article
  11. The entropic brain today.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2026
    Review
  12. Speech markers of psychological change following a psychedelic 5-MeO-DMT retreat.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2026
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Illuminating consciousness.Frontiers in psychology · 2026
    Review
  17. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Joseph M PeillDepartment of Brain Sciences, Centre for Psychedelic Research, Imperial College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-0281-4617
Katie E TrinciDepartment of Brain Sciences, Centre for Psychedelic Research, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Hannes KettnerDepartment of Brain Sciences, Centre for Psychedelic Research, Imperial College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-9482-0998
Lea J MertensDepartment of Brain Sciences, Centre for Psychedelic Research, Imperial College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-4415-3941
Leor RosemanDepartment of Brain Sciences, Centre for Psychedelic Research, Imperial College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-9990-6029
Christopher TimmermannDepartment of Brain Sciences, Centre for Psychedelic Research, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Fernando E RosasDepartment of Brain Sciences, Centre for Psychedelic Research, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Taylor LyonsDepartment of Brain Sciences, Centre for Psychedelic Research, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Robin L Carhart-HarrisDepartment of Brain Sciences, Centre for Psychedelic Research, Imperial College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-6062-7150

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionAs their name suggests, 'psychedelic' (mind-revealing) compounds are thought to catalyse processes of psychological insight; however, few satisfactory scales exist to sample this. This study sought to develop a new scale to measure psychological insight

methodsThe PIS is a six- to seven-item questionnaire that enquires about psychological insight

resultsPrincipal components analysis of PIS scores revealed a principal component explaining 73.57% of the variance, which displayed high internal consistency at multiple timepoints throughout the study (average Cronbach's α = 0.94). Criterion validity was confirmed using the global psychedelic survey study, and convergent validity was confirmed via the Therapeutic-Realizations Scale. Furthermore, PIS scores significantly mediated the relationship between emotional breakthrough and long-term well-being.

conclusionThe PIS is complementary to current subjective measures used in psychedelic studies, most of which are completed in relation to the acute experience. Insight - as measured by the PIS - was found to be a key mediator of long-term psychological outcomes following a psychedelic experience. Future research may investigate how insight varies throughout a psychedelic process, its underlying neurobiology and how it impacts behaviour and mental health.

Indexed as

Surveys and QuestionnairesAdultAgedAwarenessFemaleHallucinogensHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrincipal Component AnalysisProspective StudiesPsychometricsYoung AdultHallucinogensemotioninsightmediationPsychedelictherapywell-being

Identifiers

PMID34983255
PMCPMC8801624

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.