ArticleGerontology2022
Sex Differences in Cognitive Functioning with Aging in the Netherlands.
Article in Gerontology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex-stratified genome-wide meta-analysis identifies novel loci for cognitive decline in older adults.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Pooled it
- Association between mild action tremor and cognition in community dwelling older adults: results from the KORA-Age study.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Cohort Profile Update: The Doetinchem Cohort Study 1987-2028--capturing four decades of health and disease.International journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Association of body mass index, waist circumference, (abdominal) overweight and obesity with sex- and age-specific cognitive function over time-the Doetinchem Cohort Study.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2026Article
- Two steps forward, one step back: cohort shifts in cognitive function trajectories in aging European populations.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026Article
- Loss of microstructural integrity in left hemispheric white matter tracts is associated with poorer digits in noise understanding.GeroScience · 2026Article
- The neuroactive potential of the elderly human gut microbiome is associated with mental health status.PloS one · 2026Article
- Adaptation of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test and Logical Memory Subtest from the Wechsler Memory Scales - 3rd Edition to assess accelerated long-term forgetting in adults with epilepsy.Epileptic disorders : international epilepsy journal with videotape · 2025Article
- Factors Predicting Information Overload During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Digital Age: Longitudinal Study.Interactive journal of medical research · 2025Article
- The association between total, animal-based, and plant-based protein intake and cognitive decline in older adults.European journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Repetitive negative thinking, self-reflection, and perceived cognitive dysfunction in older adults: a cross-sectional study.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- The impact of community health care services on the mental health of older adults in China.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Sex differences in cognitive trajectories and practice effects in a cohort of older Londoners: The role of risk factors.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2025Article
- Decoding cognitive aging: how white matter tracts and demographics distinguish potential Super-Agers.GeroScience · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Association of menarche, menopause, and reproductive history with cognitive performance in older US women: a cross-sectional study from NHANES 2011-2014.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Use of Multiple Languages Provides Cognitive Reserve Amidst Age-Related White Matter Changes.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2025Article
- Age- and Sex-Specific Patterns in Adult Brain Network Segregation.Human brain mapping · 2025Article
- The Association Between Multilingual Experience Factors and Cognitive Functioning in Older Adults: A Lifelines Study.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionDementia prevalence in older women is higher than that in men. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether there is a female disadvantage in cognitive functioning at adult age and/or whether a female disadvantage develops with age.
methodsData of 5,135 women and 4,756 men from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA) and the Doetinchem Cohort Study (DCS) were used. In the LASA, memory, processing speed, fluid intelligence, and global cognitive function were measured every 3-4 years since 1992 in persons aged 55+ years for up to 23 years. In the DCS, memory, processing speed, cognitive flexibility, and global cognitive function were measured every 5 years since 1995 in persons aged 45+ years for up to 20 years. Sex differences in cognitive aging were analyzed using linear mixed models and also examined by the 10-year birth cohort or level of education.
resultsWomen had a better memory, processing speed, flexibility, and, in the DCS only, global cognitive function than men (p's < 0.01). However, women showed up to 10% faster decline in these cognitive domains, except for flexibility, where women showed 9% slower decline. In the LASA, women scored poorer on fluid intelligence (p < 0.01), but their decline was 10% slower than that in men. Female advantage was larger in later born cohorts; adjustment for the educational level increased the female advantage.
conclusionWomen have better memory and processing speed than men at middle age. This female advantage becomes smaller with aging and has increased in more recent birth cohorts.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.