ArticleImmunity2022
Disruption of the IL-33-ST2-AKT signaling axis impairs neurodevelopment by inhibiting microglial metabolic adaptation and phagocytic function.
Article in Immunity, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 102 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
102 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 162 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pathophysiological mechanisms of post-exertional malaise: an integrative analysis based on the metabolism-immune-neuro interaction model.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- The role of IL-33 in depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Host metadherin coordinates hepatic lipid metabolism and CD8Cell metabolism · 2026Article
- Early-Life Manganese Overexposure Activates Microglial Phagocytosis through the YY1/TREM2 Axis Leading to Hippocampal Synaptic Remodeling in Mice.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- IL-33 as a boundary-tissue state-transfer signal: a Reader-Alarmin-Effector architecture linking CNS and skin.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Review
- IL-33/ST2 Signaling and Microglial Functional-State Transitions After Spinal Cord Injury: Direct Evidence and Mechanistic Hypotheses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- ApoE impairs microglial efferocytosis by targeting Gas6/MerTK in a mouse model of acute seizure.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Article
- Cytokine-mediated immune-to-brain signaling in neural circuit disorders.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- The Role of the IL-33/ST2 Axis in Nervous System Development and Diseases.Immunology and cell biology · 2026Review
- Microglia-mediated synaptic pruning in neural circuit remodeling: multidimensional control in homeostasis and neuropathology.BMC medicine · 2026Review
- Gasdermin D-Mediated Release of IL-33 Results in Fetal Brain Developmental Abnormalities During Maternal Colitis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- IL-33 Regulates the Phenotypic Transformation of Reactive Astrocytes via PENK-ERK/MAPK Pathway in Parkinson's Disease.Neuroscience bulletin · 2026Article
- Targeted biohybrid nanoplatform for spinal cord injury treatment: Restoring microglial mitophagy and alleviating oxidative stress.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Integration of Metabolic Pathways and Micronutrient Signals Influences Neurodevelopment by Modulating Neural Stem Cell Dynamics.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Review
- Mll5 haploinsufficiency attenuates microglial phagocytosis through dysregulated TREM2-SGK3-GSK3β signaling and recapitulates ASD-like behaviors in mice.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Article
- Microglia-Neuron Crosstalk: An Intimate Molecular Conversation in Neurodegeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The glia-immune network: Astrocytes and oligodendrocytes as microglial co-ordinators in health and disease.The Journal of physiology · 2026Review
- Neuro-Immune Crosstalk: Molecular Mechanisms, Biological Functions, Diseases, and Therapeutic Targets.MedComm · 2026Review
42 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
To accommodate the changing needs of the developing brain, microglia must undergo substantial morphological, phenotypic, and functional reprogramming. Here, we examined whether cellular metabolism regulates microglial function during neurodevelopment. Microglial mitochondria bioenergetics correlated with and were functionally coupled to phagocytic activity in the developing brain. Transcriptional profiling of microglia with diverse metabolic profiles revealed an activation signature wherein the interleukin (IL)-33 signaling axis is associated with phagocytic activity. Genetic perturbation of IL-33 or its receptor ST2 led to microglial dystrophy, impaired synaptic function, and behavioral abnormalities. Conditional deletion of Il33 from astrocytes or Il1rl1, encoding ST2, in microglia increased susceptibility to seizures. Mechanistically, IL-33 promoted mitochondrial activity and phagocytosis in an AKT-dependent manner. Mitochondrial metabolism and AKT activity were temporally regulated in vivo. Thus, a microglia-astrocyte circuit mediated by the IL-33-ST2-AKT signaling axis supports microglial metabolic adaptation and phagocytic function during early development, with implications for neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.