Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34982633›Full record

ArticleHealth affairs (Project Hope)2022

Informal Caregivers Provide Considerable Front-Line Support In Residential Care Facilities And Nursing Homes.

Norma B Coe, Rachel M Werner

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Health affairs (Project Hope), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
40citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
22.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Changes in Federal and State Policies on Visitation Restrictions in Nursing Homes During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Mapping Caregiver Needs' Assessment Tools for Family and Friend Caregivers: A Rapid Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Variations in State Essential Caregiver Programs for Nursing Homes During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2025
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Health of the Pandemic Dementia Paid Staff and Unpaid Caregiver Workforce in Congregate Care and Community Settings.The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry · 2025
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Norma B CoeNorma B. Coe (nbcoe@pennmedicine.upenn.edu), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Rachel M WernerRachel M. Werner, University of Pennsylvania and Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Philadelphia VA Medical Center · USUniversity of Pennsylvania · US

Funding

STATISTICAL DATA ENCLAVE COREP30AG012836 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI KOHLER, HANS-PETER · 1999 to 2024
$14.0M
Effects of Informal Care for persons with Alzheimer's Disease and related dementiasR01AG057501 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI COE, NORMA B · 2017 to 2020
$2.7M
Caregiving after discharge from the hospitalR01AG066114 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI WERNER, RACHEL M · 2019 to 2022
$2.1M
Training in Healthcare Financing, Organization and Delivery for Aging PopulationsT32AG051090 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI PAULY, MARK, WERNER, RACHEL M · 2015 to 2019
$652k
NIA NIH HHS P30 AG012836NIA NIH HHS R01 AG057501NIA NIH HHS R01 AG066114NIA NIH HHS T32 AG051090
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Informal care, or care provided by family and friends, is the most common form of care received by community-dwelling older adults with functional limitations. However, less is known about informal care provision within residential care settings including residential care facilities (for example, assisted living) and nursing homes. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study (2016) and the National Health and Aging Trends Study (2015), we found that informal care was common among older adults with functional limitations, whether they lived in the community, a residential care facility, or a nursing home. The hours of informal care provided were also nontrivial across all settings. This evidence suggests that informal caregiving and some of the associated burdens do not end when a person transitions from the community to residential care or a nursing home setting. It also points to the large role that families play in the care and well-being of these residents, which is especially important considering the recent visitor bans during the COVID-19 epidemic. Family members are an invisible workforce in nursing homes and residential care facilities, providing considerable front-line work for their loved ones. Providers and policy makers could improve the lives of both the residents and their caregivers by acknowledging, incorporating, and supporting this workforce.

Indexed as

COVID-19DementiaAgedCaregiversHumansNursing HomesResidential FacilitiesSARS-CoV-2

Identifiers

PMID34982633
PMCPMC8996285
OpenAlexW4206289039

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.