Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34982587›Full record

ReviewAnnual review of public health2022

Environmental Factors Influencing COVID-19 Incidence and Severity.

Amanda K Weaver, Jennifer R Head, Carlos F Gould, Elizabeth J Carlton, Justin V Remais

Open access · hybridFull text readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Annual review of public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
84citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
22.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

84 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 170 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Impact of air pollution on COVID-19 severity: a systematic review of underlying biological mechanisms.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2025
    Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Trial
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Ambient Air Pollution and COVID-19 in California.Research report (Health Effects Institute) · 2026
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Observational
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review

24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Amanda K WeaverDivision of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA; email: amanda_weaver@berkeley.edu, jvr@berkeley.edu.
Jennifer R HeadDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA; email: jennifer_head@berkeley.edu.
Carlos F GouldDepartment of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; email: gould.cf@gmail.com.
Elizabeth J CarltonDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Anschutz, Aurora, Colorado, USA; email: elizabeth.carlton@cuanschutz.edu.
Justin V RemaisDivision of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA; email: amanda_weaver@berkeley.edu, jvr@berkeley.edu.
University of California, Berkeley · USColorado School of Public Health · USStanford University · US

Funding

Integrating Epidemiologic and Environmental Approaches to Understand and Predict Coccidioides Exposure and Coccidioidomycosis EmergenceR01AI148336 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI REMAIS, JUSTIN V · 2020 to 2024
$4.5M
Spatio-temporal data integration methods for infectious disease surveillanceR01AI125842 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI CHANG, HOWARD H, REMAIS, JUSTIN V · 2017 to 2021
$3.6M
Elucidating the role of rodent hosts on the transmission dynamics of coccidioidomycosis in CaliforniaF31AI152430 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI HEAD, JENNIFER · 2020 to 2021
$78k
Estimating the health benefits of national clean cooking fuel scale-up: A case study in Ecuador using national health dataF31ES031833 · NIEHS · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI GOULD, CARLOS · 2020 to 2020
$32k
NIAID NIH HHS F31 AI152430NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI125842NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI148336NIEHS NIH HHS F31 ES031833
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Emerging evidence supports a link between environmental factors-including air pollution and chemical exposures, climate, and the built environment-and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) susceptibility and severity. Climate, air pollution, and the built environment have long been recognized to influence viral respiratory infections, and studies have established similar associations with COVID-19 outcomes. More limited evidence links chemical exposures to COVID-19. Environmental factors were found to influence COVID-19 through four major interlinking mechanisms: increased risk of preexisting conditions associated with disease severity; immune system impairment; viral survival and transport; and behaviors that increase viral exposure. Both data and methodologic issues complicate the investigation of these relationships, including reliance on coarse COVID-19 surveillance data; gaps in mechanistic studies; and the predominance of ecological designs. We evaluate the strength of evidence for environment-COVID-19 relationships and discuss environmental actions that might simultaneously address the COVID-19 pandemic, environmental determinants of health, and health disparities.

Indexed as

Air PollutionCOVID-19HumansIncidencePandemicsSARS-CoV-2air pollutionbuilt environmentchemicalsclimateCOVID-19SARS-CoV-2

Identifiers

PMID34982587
PMCPMC10044492
OpenAlexW4205802411

What OpenQuestion holds

Textfull text, public
LicenceCC BY
measurements read62
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.