ArticleJournal of extracellular vesicles2022
Engineered small extracellular vesicles displaying ACE2 variants on the surface protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article in Journal of extracellular vesicles, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bioengineering of extracellular vesicles with scaffold proteins for drug delivery.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles as vaccine platforms: emerging opportunities for malaria.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Progress of research on engineered extracellular vesicles from different sources for disease treatment.Histology and histopathology · 2025Review
- Serum sEV miRNAs as Biomarkers in Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Quantitative characterisation of extracellular vesicles designed to decoy or compete with SARS-CoV-2 reveals differential mode of action across variants of concern and highlights the diversity of Omicron.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Exosomes containing miR-152-3p targeting FGFR3 mediate SLC7A7-induced angiogenesis in bladder cancer.NPJ precision oncology · 2025Article
- Dual Role of Extracellular Vesicles as Orchestrators of Emerging and Reemerging Virus Infections.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2025Review
- Dopamine-conjugated extracellular vesicles induce autophagy in Parkinson's disease.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2024Article
- Review
- Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Adipose Stem Cells Alleviate Systemic Sclerosis by Inhibiting TGF-β Pathway.Biomolecules & therapeutics · 2024Article
- Beyond Borders of the Cell: How Extracellular Vesicles Shape COVID-19 for People with Cystic Fibrosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- NSP6 inhibits the production of ACE2-containing exosomes to promote SARS-CoV-2 infectivity.mBio · 2024Article
- Micro Trojan horses: Engineering extracellular vesicles crossing biological barriers for drug delivery.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2024Review
- SARS-CoV-2 antigen-carrying extracellular vesicles activate T cell responses in a human immunogenicity model.iScience · 2024Article
- The therapeutic potential of exosomes in immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Article
- Review
- A Review of Extracellular Vesicles in COVID-19 Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Review
- Exploiting the biogenesis of extracellular vesicles for bioengineering and therapeutic cargo loading.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2023Review
- Localized delivery of nanomedicine and antibodies for combating COVID-19.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) entry is mediated by the interaction of the viral spike (S) protein with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on the host cell surface. Although a clinical trial testing soluble ACE2 (sACE2) for COVID-19 is currently ongoing, our understanding of the delivery of sACE2 via small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) is still rudimentary. With excellent biocompatibility allowing for the effective delivery of molecular cargos, sEVs are broadly studied as nanoscale protein carriers. In order to exploit the potential of sEVs, we design truncated CD9 scaffolds to display sACE2 on the sEV surface as a decoy receptor for the S protein of SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, to enhance the sACE2-S binding interaction, we employ sACE2 variants. sACE2-loaded sEVs exhibit typical sEVs characteristics and bind to the S protein. Furthermore, engineered sEVs inhibit the entry of wild-type (WT), the globally dominant D614G variant, Beta (K417N-E484K-N501Y) variant, and Delta (L452R-T478K-D614G) variant SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus, and protect against authentic SARS-CoV-2 and Delta variant infection. Of note, sACE2 variants harbouring sEVs show superior antiviral efficacy than WT sACE2 loaded sEVs. Therapeutic efficacy of the engineered sEVs against SARS-CoV-2 challenge was confirmed using K18-hACE2 mice. The current findings provide opportunities for the development of new sEVs-based antiviral therapeutics.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.