SynthesisInfection2022
In search for a synergistic combination against pandrug-resistant A. baumannii; methodological considerations.
Synthesis in Infection, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global and regional prevalence of metallo-β-lactamases in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Sequential eradication of bacterial persisters: integrating phytochemical pharmacology with microenvironment-responsive delivery strategies.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Editorial for the Special Issue "Healthcare-Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Therapy".Microorganisms · 2025Article
- In Vitro Synergistic Activity of Rifampicin Combined with Minimal Effective Antibiotic Concentration (MEAC) of Polymyxin B Against Extensively Drug-Resistant, Carbapenem-, and Polymyxin B-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Clinical Isolates.Current microbiology · 2024Article
- Treatment Strategies of Colistin ResistanceAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Exploring Synergistic Combinations in Extended and Pan-Drug Resistant (XDR and PDR) Whole Genome SequencedMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Efficacy of Fosfomycin-Containing Regimens for Treatment of Bacteremia Due to Pan-Drug ResistantPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The prevalence, presentation and outcome of colistin susceptible-only Acinetobacter Baumannii-associated pneumonia in intensive care unit: a multicenter observational study.Scientific reports · 2023Observational
- Preferential Selection of Low-Frequency, Lipopolysaccharide-Modified, Colistin-Resistant Mutants with a Combination of Antimicrobials in Acinetobacter baumannii.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Editorial for the Special Issue: "Epidemiology, Prognosis and Antimicrobial Treatment of Extensively Antibiotic-Resistant Bacterial Infections".Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Cefiderocol: Systematic Review of Mechanisms of Resistance, Heteroresistance and In Vivo Emergence of Resistance.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Antibiotic therapy for pan-drug-resistant infections.Le infezioni in medicina · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposePending approval of new antimicrobials, synergistic combinations are the only treatment option against pandrug-resistant A. baumannii (PDRAB). Considering the lack of a standardized methodology, the aim of this manuscript is to systematically review the methodology and discuss unique considerations for assessing antimicrobial combinations against PDRAB.
methodsPost-hoc analysis of a systematic review (conducted in PubMed and Scopus from inception to April 2021) of studies evaluating antimicrobial combination against A. baumannii, based on antimicrobials that are inactive in vitro alone.
resultsEighty-four publications were reviewed, using a variety of synergy testing methods, including; gradient-based methods (n = 11), disk-based methods (n = 6), agar dilution (n = 2), checkerboard assay (n = 44), time-kill assay (n = 50), dynamic in vitro PK/PD models (n = 6), semi-mechanistic PK/PD models (n = 5), and in vivo animal models (n = 11). Several variations in definitions of synergy and interpretation of each method were observed and are discussed. Challenges related to testing combinations of antimicrobials that are inactive alone (with regards to concentrations at which the combinations are assessed), as well as other considerations (assessment of stasis vs killing, clinical relevance of re-growth in vitro after initial killing, role of in vitro vs in vivo conditions, challenges of clinical testing of antimicrobial combinations against PDRAB infections) are discussed.
conclusionThis review demonstrates the need for consensus on a standardized methodology and clinically relevant definitions for synergy. Modifications in the methodology and definitions of synergy as well as a roadmap for further development of antimicrobial combinations against PDRAB are proposed.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.