Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34981748›Full record

GuidelineEuropean thyroid journal2022

2022 European Thyroid Association Guideline for the management of pediatric Graves' disease.

Christiaan F Mooij, Timothy D Cheetham, Frederik A Verburg, Anja Eckstein, Simon H Pearce, Juliane Léger, A S Paul van Trotsenburg

Registry-linked trialOpen access · diamondAbstract readGuideline
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Guideline in European thyroid journal, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07544290 (Autoimmune Hyperthyroidism in Prepubertal Children With Onset Before 6 Years of Age), which is not on this map. Cited by 65 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
65citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
11.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07544290 enrolling by invitationnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Autoimmune Hyperthyroidism in Prepubertal Children With Onset Before 6 Years of Age: Characteristics at Diagnosis and Follow-Up Trends.

TypeobservationalSponsorIRCCS Ospedale San RaffaeleRan2026 to 2026Enrolled100ConditionsAutoimmune Hyperthyroidism, ChildrenArmsrestrospective observational study
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

65 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 96 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Guideline
  4. Pooled it
  5. The EANM guideline on radioiodine therapy of benign thyroid disease.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2023
    Guideline
  6. Pooled it
  7. Radioiodine or thyroidectomy in children and adolescents with Graves' disease: a structured literature review of efficacy and safety.Clinical pediatric endocrinology : case reports and clinical investigations : official journal of the Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology · 2026
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Observational
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.

Christiaan F MooijDepartment of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Timothy D CheethamTranslational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
Frederik A VerburgDepartment of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Anja EcksteinDepartment of Ophthalmology, University Duisburg Essen, Essen, Germany.
Simon H PearceTranslational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
Juliane LégerDepartment of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Reference Center for Rare Endocrine Growth and Development Diseases, Endo-ERN HCP, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Robert Debré University Hospital, University of Paris, NeuroDiderot Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France.
A S Paul van TrotsenburgDepartment of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Amsterdam University Medical Centers · NLRoyal Victoria Infirmary · GBAssistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris · FRErasmus MC · NLUniversity of Duisburg-Essen · DE

Funding

Medical Research Council G0500783Medical Research Council MR/V005898/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hyperthyroidism caused by Graves' disease (GD) is a relatively rare disease in children. Treatment options are the same as in adults - antithyroid drugs (ATD), radioactive iodine (RAI) or thyroid surgery, but the risks and benefits of each modality are different. The European Thyroid Association guideline provides new recommendations for the management of pediatric GD with and without orbitopathy. Clinicians should be alert that GD may present with behavioral changes or declining academic performance in children. Measurement of serum TSH receptor antibodies is recommended for all pediatric patients with hyperthyroidism. Management recommendations include the first-line use of a prolonged course of methimazole/carbimazole ATD treatment (3 years or more), a preference for dose titration instead of block and replace ATD, and to avoid propylthiouracil use. Where definitive treatment is required either total thyroidectomy or RAI is recommended, aiming for complete thyroid ablation with a personalized RAI activity. We recommend avoiding RAI in children under 10 years of age but favor surgery in patients with large goiter. Pediatric endocrinologists should be involved in all cases.

Indexed as

antithyroid drugschildhoodclinical practice guidelineGraves’ diseasemanagementpediatricradioactive iodinetotal thyroidectomy

Identifiers

PMID34981748
PMCPMC9142815
OpenAlexW3214704443

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.