ArticleMolecular biotechnology2022
Bioengineering of Novel Non-Replicating mRNA (NRM) and Self-Amplifying mRNA (SAM) Vaccine Candidates Against SARS-CoV-2 Using Immunoinformatics Approach.
Article in Molecular biotechnology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- From RNA design to delivery: Computational strategies for functional RNA therapeutics.Bioactive materials · 2027Review
- A conserved capsid-based multi-epitope vaccine targeting dengue virus serotypes (DENV1-4): an integrated computational and in vivo study.BMC immunology · 2026Article
- TZ1391: a computationally designed circular mRNA multi-epitope vaccine candidate against Mycobacterium tuberculosis via TLR3 immunomodulation.BMC immunology · 2026Article
- Looking beyond the origin of SARS-CoV-2: Significant strategic aspects during the five-year journey of COVID-19 vaccine development.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Review
- Recent Advances in mRNA-Based Vaccines Against Several Hepatitis Viruses.Biological procedures online · 2025Review
- Comprehensive review on COVID-19: etiology, pathogenicity, and treatment.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- A Comprehensive Review of mRNA-based Vaccines for COVID-19, A New Era in Pharmaceuticals: Unspecified and Unknown Aspects, Effects and Challenges.Current topics in medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Developing Vaccines in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: Trials and Tribulations.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2024Review
- Review
- An overview on mRNA-based vaccines to prevent monkeypox infection.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Review
- Advances of Reverse Vaccinology for mRNA Vaccine Design against SARS-CoV-2: A Review of Methods and Tools.Viruses · 2023Review
- Review
- Review
- The use of RNA-based treatments in the field of cancer immunotherapy.Molecular cancer · 2023Review
- An overview of the vaccine platforms to combat COVID-19 with a focus on the subunit vaccines.Progress in biophysics and molecular biology · 2023Review
- mRNA vaccines for COVID-19 and diverse diseases.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2022Review
- Review
- COVID-19 Vaccination and the Rate of Immune and Autoimmune Adverse Events Following Immunization: Insights From a Narrative Literature Review.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Immunoinformatic of novel self-amplifying mRNA vaccine lipid nanoparticle against SARS-CoV-2.Journal of advanced pharmaceutical technology & researchArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Presently, the world needs safe and effective vaccines to overcome the COVID-19 pandemic. Our work has focused on formulating two types of mRNA vaccines that differ in capacity to copy themselves inside the cell. These are non-amplifying mRNA (NRM) and self-amplifying mRNA (SAM) vaccines. Both the vaccine candidates encode an engineered viral replicon which can provoke an immune response. Hence we predicted and screened twelve epitopes from the spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2. We used five CTL, four HTL, and three B-cell-activating epitopes to formulate each mRNA vaccine. Molecular docking revealed that these epitopes could combine with HLA molecules that are important for boosting immunogenicity. The B-cell epitopes were adjoined with GPGPG linkers, while CTL and HTL epitopes were linked with KK linkers. The entire protein chain was reverse translated to develop a specific NRM-based vaccine. We incorporate gene encoding replicase in the upstream region of CDS encoding antigen to design the SAM vaccine. Subsequently, signal sequences were added to human mRNA to formulate vaccines. Both vaccine formulations translated to produce the epitopes in host cells, initiate a protective immune cascade, and generate immunogenic memory, which can counter future SARS-CoV-2 viral exposures before the onset of infection.
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Registered trials
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