ArticleReports of biochemistry & molecular biology2021
Ghrelin Is Effective on Passive Avoidance Memory by Altering the Expression of NMDAR and HTR1a Genes in the Hippocampus of Male Wistar Rats.
Article in Reports of biochemistry & molecular biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.
- Citicoline: pharmacological and clinical review, 2022 update.Revista de neurologia · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMemory-dependent psychological behaviors have an important role in life. Memory strengthening in adulthood to prevent its defects in aging is a significant issue. The ghrelin endogenous hormone improves memory by targeting glutamatergic and serotonergic circuits. Also, citicoline, a memory strengthening drug in aging, is not recommended to adults due to its side effects. The current study aims to test that ghrelin treatment, like citicoline, would improve passive avoidance memory via expression of the genes encoding the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (
methodsFive groups of adult male rats received (1) saline (as control), (2) 0.5 mg/kg citicoline, or (3-5) 0.3, 1.5, and 3 nmol/μl ghrelin). The rats received the drugs via intra-hippocampal injection. Passive avoidance memory was determined using a shuttle box device. The latency to enter the dark chamber before (IL) and after (RL) injection and the total duration of the animal's presence in the light compartment (TLC) were evaluated. Then, the gene expression rates of
resultsGhrelin and citicoline had some similar and significant effects on passive avoidance memory, and both increased
conclusionGhrelin, like citicoline, improves passive avoidance learning by altering the
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