ArticleWorld development2022
Passive versus active service delivery: Comparing the effects of two parenting interventions on early cognitive development in rural China.
Article in World development, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Strengthening Early Childhood Development Programs and Interventions in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Systematic Review of Interventions.Maternal & child nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- The effect of ECD program on the caregiver's parenting knowledge, attitudes, and practices: based on a cluster-randomized controlled trial in economically vulnerable areas of China.BMC public health · 2022Trial
- Effect of Eyeglasses on Student Academic Performance: What Matters? Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial in China.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- Evaluating the Effectiveness of an Enhanced Early Childhood Development Program Integrated Into Primary Health Care in China: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Group-based trajectory modelling and interpretable machine learning to identify factors associated with neurodevelopmental trajectories in preterm infants.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Article
- Grandmaternal caregiving and early child development in rural China: the mediating role of parenting environment.BMJ paediatrics open · 2025Observational
- Article
- Factors of parental investment in the home language environment in peri-urban China: A mixed methods study.PloS one · 2023Article
- Early Childhood Reading in Rural China and Obstacles to Caregiver Investment in Young Children: A Mixed-Methods Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
We present the results of a cluster-randomized controlled trial that evaluates the effects of a free, center-based parenting intervention on early cognitive development and parenting practices in 100 rural villages in China. We then compare these effects to a previous trial of a home-based intervention conducted in the same region, using the same parenting curriculum and public service system, accounting for potential differences between the studies. We find that the center-based intervention did not have a significant impact on child development outcomes, but did lead to increases in the material investments, time investments, and parenting skills of caregivers. The average impact of the center-based intervention on child skills and investments in children was significantly smaller than the home-visiting intervention. Analysis of the possible mechanisms suggests that the difference in effects was driven primarily by different patterns of selection into program participation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.