ArticleJournal of translational medicine2022
Mendelian randomization study updates the effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels on the risk of multiple sclerosis.
Article in Journal of translational medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global Genetic Variation in Circulating 25-Hydroxyvitamin D: A Systematic Review of GWAS Evidence Across Different Ancestral Groups.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- Vitamin D and human health: evidence from Mendelian randomization studies.European journal of epidemiology · 2024Pooled it
- Genetically predicted alterations in thyroid function are associated with the risk of benign prostatic disease.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- Vitamin D did not reduce multiple sclerosis disease activity after a clinically isolated syndrome.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2024Trial
- Neonatal vitamin D levels and autoimmune disorders: a Danish population-based cohort study.European journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Integrating Genetics and Environment to Find Causal Mechanisms for Multiple Sclerosis.European journal of immunology · 2026Review
- Identifying Risk Factors for the Rising Prevalence of Multiple Sclerosis in Saudi Arabia: A case-control analysis.Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) · 2026Article
- Genetic and Molecular Interconnections Between Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Osteoporosis: Insights from Single-Cell and Mendelian Randomization Analyses.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Article
- Mendelian randomization analysis: causal link between hyperthyroidism/thyrotoxicosis and ovarian cancer.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Causal associations between iron deficiency anemia and digestive system cancers: evidence from a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- The association between the presence of kidney stones and the risk of developing osteoporosis: a NHANES-based cross-sectional study and Mendelian randomization analysis.International urology and nephrology · 2025Observational
- Observational and genetic evidence highlight the association of modifiable risk factors with the incidence and severity of neuroimmunological disorders.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Genetic evidence from Mendelian randomization links CD40 levels to increased risk of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Gut Microbiota in Lactose Intolerance: A Mendelian Randomization Study on Microbial Mechanisms and Potential Links to Tumor Inflammatory Microenvironments.Mediators of inflammation · 2025Article
- Association between 25(OH) vitamin D and multiple sclerosis: cohort, shared genetics, and Causality.Nutrition journal · 2024Observational
- Investigating shared genetic architecture between inflammatory bowel diseases and primary biliary cholangitis.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2024Article
- Article
- Epstein-Barr virus, vitamin D and the immune response: connections with consequences for multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Mendelian randomization and single-cell expression analyses identify the causal relationship between depression and chronic rhinosinusitis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Causal association between the peripheral immunity and the risk and disease severity of multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundObservational studies and previous Mendelian randomization (MR) studies have shown that genetically low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels are associated with a high susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (MS). The present MR study aims to update the causal estimates for the effects of 25OHD levels on MS risk.
methodsTo date, the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) for serum 25OHD (n = 401,460) and MS (14,498 MS cases and 24,091 controls) was used to assess the effect of serum 25OHD levels on MS. All participants were of European ancestry. The MR-egger_intercept test and Cochran's Q statistic were used to determine the pleiotropy and the heterogeneity, respectively. MR-egger, weighted median, inverse variance weighted (multiplicative random effects), simple mode, and weighted mode methods were used to evaluate the causal association of serum 25OHD levels with MS. Finally, the effect of a single 25OHD SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) on MS was used to test the SNP bias.
resultsOne hundred and fifteen newly identified serum 25OHD genetic variants were extracted from a large-scale serum 25OHD GWAS dataset. The 20 most effective and independent 25OHD genetic instrumental variables were extracted from the MS GWAS summary statistics. Pleiotropy analysis suggested no significant pleiotropic variant among the 20 selected 25OHD genetic instrument variants in MS GWAS datasets. As serum levels of 25OHD based on genetic changes increased, the risk of MS decreased using MR-egger (Beta = - 0.940, p = 0.001; OR = 0.391), weighted median (Beta = - 0.835, p = 0.000; OR = 0.434), IVW (Beta = - 0.781, p = 0.000; OR = 0.458), simple mode (Beta = - 1.484, p = 0.016; OR = 0.227), and weighted mode (Beta = - 0.913, p = 0.000; OR = 0.401). Our results were robust, with no obvious bias based on investigating the single 25OHD SNP on MS.
conclusionsOur analysis suggested a causal association between genetically increased serum 25OHD levels and reduced MS in the European population.
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