ArticleInternational journal for equity in health2022
How do we measure gender discrimination? Proposing a construct of gender discrimination through a systematic scoping review.
Article in International journal for equity in health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Discrimination and Gender: An Umbrella Review of Psychological Evidence.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Pooled it
- Gender differences in the association between discrimination, mental health, and peer support among ethnic/racial minority adolescents.Discover mental health · 2026Article
- Gender-based discrimination towards cisgender women in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review of definitions and measures used in the health literature.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Association between self-reported gender-based discrimination and maternal mortality rates: results of an ecological multi-level analysis across nine countries in Sub-Saharan Africa.BMC public health · 2025Article
- First- and Second-Generation Migrants: Attitudes Towards Homosexuality: The Role of Generation, Gender, and Religion.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Feeling discriminated means poor self-perceived health: a gender analysis using SHARE.International journal of health economics and management · 2025Article
- Review of Major Social Determinants of Health in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders: II. Assessments.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2023Article
- Analysis of self-healing of depression by helping others in adolescents from the perspective of constructivism.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGender discrimination (GD) has been frequently linked to mental health. The heterogeneity of how GD is defined has led to variation around the analysis of GD. This might affect the study of the association between GD and health outcomes. The main goal of this systematic scoping review is to operationalize the definition of the GD construct.
methodsThree search strategies were set in Pubmed, CINAHL and PsycINFO. The first strategy obtained results mainly about women, while the second focused on men. The third strategy focused on the identification of GD questionnaires. The prevalence of GD, factors and consequences associated with GD perception, and forms of discrimination were the principal variables collected. Risk of bias was assessed (PROSPERO:CRD42019120719).
resultsOf the 925 studies obtained, 84 were finally included. 60 GD questionnaires were identified. GD prevalence varied between 3.4 and 67 %. Female gender and a younger age were the factors most frequently related to GD. Poorer mental health was the most frequent consequence. Two components of the GD construct were identified: undervaluation (different recognition, opportunities in access, evaluation standards and expectations) and different treatment (verbal abuse and behaviour).
conclusionsTwo-component GD definition can add order and precision to the measurement, increase response rates and reported GD.
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