ArticleEnvironmental health : a global access science source2022
The risk of perchlorate and iodine on the incidence of thyroid tumors and nodular goiter: a case-control study in southeastern China.
Article in Environmental health : a global access science source, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Perchlorates in the treatment of hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis: a comprehensive review.Endocrine · 2024Pooled it
- The relationship between urinary iodine concentration and papillary thyroid cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Dietary and Urinary Iodine in Relation to Thyroid Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis.Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer CenterPooled it
- Modulation of chemokine secretion and oxidative stressFrontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Association between urinary perchlorate and malignancies of endocrine-related tissues in U.S. adults: analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data.Translational cancer research · 2025Article
- Article
- Iodine Excess Is Associated with Thyroid Dysfunction Among the Elderly.Biological trace element research · 2025Observational
- Exposure to perchlorate via drinking water from eight major water basins in China and its health risks across different age groups.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The common pathogenesis of nodular goiter in both sexes: An exploration into gene expression and signaling pathways.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Correlation between thyroid function indices and urine iodine levels in patients with nodular goiter.American journal of translational research · 2023Article
- Diagnosis of thyroid disease using deep convolutional neural network models applied to thyroid scintigraphy images: a multicenter study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate: Environmental relevant NIS-inhibitors pollutants and their impact on thyroid function and human health.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
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15 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe incidence rates of thyroid tumors and nodular goiter show an upward trend worldwide. There are limited reports on the risk of perchlorate and iodine on thyroid tumors, but evidence from population studies is scarce, and their impact on thyroid function is still uncertain. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the association of perchlorate and iodine with the risk of nodular goiter (NG), papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC), and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and to assess the correlation between perchlorate and iodine with thyroid function indicators.
methodsA case-control population consisting of 184 pairs of thyroid tumors and nodular goiter matched by gender and age (±2 years) was recruited in this study. Serum and urine samples were collected from each participant. Thyroid function indicators in serum were tested by automatic chemical immunofluorescence, and perchlorate and iodine levels in urine were determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, respectively. Conditional logistic regressions and multiple linear regressions were used to analyze the associations.
resultsUrinary perchlorate concentration was significantly higher in total cases, NG and PTC than in the corresponding controls (P < 0.05). Perchlorate was positively associated with PTC (OR = 1.058, 95% CI: 1.009, 1.110) in a non-linear dose-response relationship, but there was no association between perchlorate and NG or PTMC. Iodine was not associated with the risk of thyroid tumors and NG and did not correlate with the thyroid function indicators. Furthermore, perchlorate showed a positive correlation with thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) at iodine adequate levels (P < 0.05), and a negative correlation with free triiodothyronine (FT3) and a positive correlation with thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) at iodine more than adequate or excess levels (P < 0.05).
conclusionsPerchlorate can increase the risk of PTC in a non-linear dose-response relationship and disturb the thyroid hormone homeostasis and thyroid autoantibody levels.
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