ReviewBMC musculoskeletal disorders2022
Neck pain: global epidemiology, trends and risk factors.
Review in BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 15 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 324 papers, 13 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects Of Deep Neck Flexor And Extensor Exercises On Pain, Range Of Motion And Muscle Strength In Mechanical Neck Pain
Effect of High-intensity Laser Therapy in Patients With Chronic Nonspecific Neck Pain. Randomized Clinical Trial
Effects of Percutaneous Peripheral Nerve Stimulation on Neck and Low Back Pain: a Quadruple-blinded, Randomized Clinical Trial
Effects of Bruegger's Versus Kendall Exercises on Pain, Range of Motion, Craniovertebral Angle and Functional Disability in Patients With Cervical Postural Syndrome
Effects of High-Intensity Laser Therapy and Stretching Exercises on Chronic Non-Specific Neck Pain: Findings From a Clinical Trial
The Effect of Osteopathic Treatment on Craniocervico-Mandibular Dysfunction
Comparison of Electrical Dry Needling and Therapeutic Exercise Versus Therapeutic Exercise in Patients With Nonspecific Chronic Neck Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Comparison of Percutaneous Neuromodulation and Therapeutic Exercise in Patients With Nonspecific Chronic Neck Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Possible Mechanisms of Action of Magnetic Tape Through Its Application on the Epidermis
Development of Standard Guidelines for Relaxation Exercises in Patients With Chronic Neck Pain and Determination of Their Effectiveness
Combined Effects of Bruegger's Exercises and Upper Thoracic Mobilizations Along With Standard Physical Therapy in Patients With Non-specific Neck Pain
Evaluation of the Effect of Acupuncture on 3 Dimensional Scapular Kinematics and Electromyographic Activity in Patients With Chronic Neck Discomfort
Therapeutic Benefit of Two Modalities TENS and Ultrasound Along With Exercises in the Management of Mechanical Neck Pain; A Randomized Clinical Trial
Effects of Active Release Technique Versus Stecco Facial Manipulation on Pain, Craniovertebral Angle, and Functional Disability in Patients With Chronic Non-specific Neck Pain.
Comparative Effects of Bowen Therapy and Myofascial Release Technique on Upper Trapezius Tightness in Patients With Non-specific Neck Pain
Who cites it
324 citing papers in PubMed, 13 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 543 citations in OpenAlex.
- Machine Learning and Deep Learning for the Diagnosis of Cervical Degenerative Diseases: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Pooled it
- Is there an association between fear of movement and pain intensity and disability in people with chronic neck pain? a systematic review.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Pooled it
- Muscle fat infiltration and its relation with pain intensity, disability, and cervical curvature in individuals with nonspecific neck pain: A systematic review study.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation · 2026Pooled it
- Patients' experiences with musculoskeletal spinal pain: a qualitative systematic review.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of manufactured Chinese herbal formula for cervical radiculopathy: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Physical measures of physical functioning as prognostic factors in predicting outcomes for neck and thoracic pain: a systematic review.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Pooled it
- Effectiveness of musculoskeletal manipulations in patients with neck pain: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2025Pooled it
- Exercise and Heart Rate Variability in Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: A Systematic Review.Sports medicine - open · 2025Pooled it
- Effectiveness of the pilates method in patients with chronic neck pain: a systematic review with meta-analysis.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Pooled it
- Is chronic neck pain related to scapular dyskinesia? A systematic review.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of spinal manipulative therapy in the management of acute neck pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- The associations between sedentary behavior and neck pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- The majority of clinical trials assessing mobilization and manipulation for neck pain lack a pragmatic approach: a systematic review of 174 trials.The Journal of manual & manipulative therapy · 2024Pooled it
- Clinical effects of passive cable theory applied via subthreshold electrical stimulation in chronic neck pain: A randomized trial.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation · 2026Trial
- Effects of home exercise program on endurance, disability and daily participation in non-specific neck pain.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Comparison of Traditional Chinese Manual Therapy (Tuina) and Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy in Patients With Nonspecific Neck Pain: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2026Trial
- Acute effects of aerobic versus combined aerobic and cervical-upper extremity resistance exercise on pressure pain threshold, pain perception, and fatigue in workers exposed to high ergonomic risk with chronic non-specific neck pain: a randomized controlled trial.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Trial
- Comparative effects of low-level laser acupuncture and dry needling on clinical and functional outcomes in patients with chronic cervical myofascial pain syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.Lasers in medical science · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Deep or Superficial? Autologous Conditioned Serum for Cervical Pain with Degenerative Disc Disease - a Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of pain research · 2026Trial
264 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNeck pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders, having an age-standardised prevalence rate of 27.0 per 1000 population in 2019. This literature review describes the global epidemiology and trends associated with neck pain, before exploring the psychological and biological risk factors associated with the initiation and progression of neck pain.
methodsThe PubMed database and Google Scholar search engine were searched up to May 21, 2021. Studies were included that used human subjects and evaluated the effects of biological or psychological factors on the occurrence or progression of neck pain, or reported its epidemiology.
resultsPsychological risk factors, such as long-term stress, lack of social support, anxiety, and depression are important risk factors for neck pain. In terms of the biological risks, neck pain might occur as a consequence of certain diseases, such as neuromusculoskeletal disorders or autoimmune diseases. There is also evidence that demographic characteristics, such as age and sex, can influence the prevalence and development of neck pain, although further research is needed.
conclusionsThe findings of the present study provide a comprehensive and informative overview that should be useful for the prevention, diagnosis, and management of neck pain.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.