Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34980032›Full record

ArticleBMC pediatrics2022

Time to death among HIV-infected under-five children after initiation of anti-retroviral therapy and its predictors in Oromiya liyu zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia: a retrospective cohort study.

Sintayehu Argaw Weldemariam, Zewdu Dagnew, Yilkal Tafere, Tefera Marie Bereka, Yibelu Bazezew Bitewa

Erratum issuedAbstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in BMC pediatrics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 4 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Sintayehu Argaw WeldemariamPublic Health Emergency Management Officer, Bati District Health Office, Bati, Ethiopia.
Zewdu DagnewLecturer,Environmental health department, Debremarkos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
Yilkal TafereLecturer, Public health Department, Debremarkos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
Tefera Marie BerekaLecturer, Midwifery Department, Kotebe Metropolitan University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. ttmarie52@gmail.com.
Yibelu Bazezew BitewaLecturer, Midwifery Department, Debremarkos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHuman Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is infection which mainly attacks immune system of an individual. Its disease progress is rapid in children and if treatment is not initiated nearly half of infected children will die by the second year of infection. In Ethiopia, nearly twenty four percent of HIV related death is happen to under-five children; however studies done in this specific age group are limited are with poor evidence of predictors.

objectivesTo determine time to death and identify predictors of death in HIV infected under- five children on antiretroviral therapy in Amhara regional state, Oromia 'liyu' zone, Northeast Ethiopia, from 2014 to 2019.

methodsInstitution based retrospective follow up study was conducted in 376 under-five HIV- infected children on antiretroviral therapy from January 2014 to December 2019 in health institutions in Oromia Liyu Zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia. Multivariable Cox-proportional hazard regression model was used to identify independent predictors of mortality in HIV- infected under-five children on antiretroviral therapy.

resultAt the end of follow up, 304 (80.85%) of HIV-infected children were alive, 39 (10.95%) were lost to follow up, 12 (3.19%) were transferred out and 21 (5.59%) were reported dead due to HIV/AIDS. The cumulative survival probabilities of children after 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months were 0.99, 0.98, 0.97, 0.89 and 0.87 respectively. The overall mean time to death was 19.7 months (95%CI = 18.74-20.67) with incidence of 5.9 deaths per 100 child-months (95%CI: 3.89-9.09). Children with severe malnutrition at baseline (AHR = 4.9; 95 CI: 1.04, 23.50), advanced WHO clinical stage at enrolment (AHR = 3.9; CI: 1.37, 10.88), poor adherence to ART (AHR = 6.56; CI: 3.33, 10.14) and with no history of Isoniazide prophylaxis were significantly associated to higher mortality events (AHR = 3.6; CI: 1.24, 10.18).

conclusionDeath of HIV-infected under-five children on ART is high within the first one year after enrolment. The risk of death increased if the child was malnourished at beginning of treatment, had poor ART adherence, with advanced WHO clinical stages and lack of Isoniazide prophylaxis during their age of infancy.

Indexed as

HIV InfectionsEthiopiaFollow-Up StudiesHumansProportional Hazards ModelsRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsAntiretroviral therapy,under Five ChildrenDeathEthiopiaNortheast

Identifiers

PMID34980032
PMCPMC8722209

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