ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2022
Use of Tenofovir Diphosphate Levels to Predict Viremia During the Postpartum Period in Women Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): A Nested Case-Control Study.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Brief Report: Association Between Pharmacologic Tenofovir Adherence Measures and Subsequent 24-Week Viral Load Outcomes for People With HIV in South Africa.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2026Article
- Adherence thresholds of tenofovir diphosphate in dried blood spots for HIV treatment and pre-exposure prophylaxis: A scoping review.Southern African journal of HIV medicine · 2026Review
- Tenofovir diphosphate concentrations in dried blood spots predict future HIV suppression but not virologic failure in adolescents with HIV.AIDS (London, England) · 2025Article
- Pharmacokinetics of Tenofovir Diphosphate, Lamivudine Triphosphate and Emtricitabine Triphosphate in Adolescents With HIV Infection With and Without Tuberculosis Coinfection.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2025Article
- Article
- Pharmacogenetic determinants of tenofovir diphosphate and lamivudine triphosphate concentrations in people with HIV/HBV coinfection.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2024Article
- Food Insecurity Is Associated With Low Tenofovir Diphosphate in Dried Blood Spots in South African Persons With HIV.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Persons with HIV with Viral Load:Adherence Mismatch Who Are at Risk of Future Viremia.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThere are few data on the utility of tenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP) in dried blood spots (DBSs) to predict future viral load (VL) in postpartum women with HIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART).
methodsWe conducted a nested case-control study within a trial of postpartum ART delivery strategies. Participants started ART containing tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in pregnancy, were <10 weeks postpartum, and had a VL <400 copies/mL. VL and TFV-DP samples were taken every 3-6 months over 24 months. Cases had ≥1 VL ≥20 copies/mL; controls were randomly sampled from women with persistent viral suppression (VS; VL <20 copies/mL). Generalized estimating equations were used to calculate likelihood odds ratios (LORs) for future VL ≥20 copies/mL by TFV-DP concentration at the preceding visit.
results61 cases and 20 controls contributed 365 DBS-VL pairs (median ART duration, 16 months). Sensitivity and specificity of TFV-DP <700 fmol/punch to detect future viremia were 62.9% (95% CI, 54.7-70.6%) and 89.7% (84.9-93.4%), respectively. Adjusting for age, ART duration, previous VL, and duration between the TFV-DP and VL measures, LORs of viremia for TFV-DP concentrations 350-699 and <350 fmol/punch versus TFV-DP ≥1850 fmol/punch were 3.5 (95% CI, 1.1-10.8; P = .033) and 12.9 (3.6-46.6; P < .0001), respectively. Including only samples taken during VS, the LOR of future viremia for TFV-DP concentration <350 fmol/punch versus TFV-DP ≥1850 fmol/punch was 9.5 (1.9-47.0).
conclusionsTFV-DP concentrations in DBSs were strongly associated with future viremia and appear useful to identify nonadherence and predict future elevated VL.
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