Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34979287›Full record

ArticleWorld neurosurgery2022

Image Quality and Dose Comparison of 3 Mobile Intraoperative Three-Dimensional Imaging Systems in Spine Surgery.

Norah Foster, Christopher Shaffrey, Avery Buchholz, Raymond Turner, Lexie Zidanyue Yang, Donna Niedzwiecki, Allen Goode

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in World neurosurgery, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. The accuracy of navigated vs. robot-assisted pedicle screw placement in spine surgery: a retrospective single-centre comparative study.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Ultra-low dose post-operative CT protocol after acetabular fixation has excellent intra- and inter-observer reliability.European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie · 2025
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Norah FosterDepartment of Neurosurgery and Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA. Electronic address: snorahppp@gmail.com.
Christopher ShaffreyDepartment of Neurosurgery and Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Avery BuchholzDepartment of Neurosciences Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Raymond TurnerDepartment of Neurosurgery, Prisma Health, Greenville, South Carolina, USA.
Lexie Zidanyue YangDepartment of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Donna NiedzwieckiDepartment of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Allen GoodeDepartment of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.

Funding

Support for QA/QC for Prior Approval ProcessUL1TR002553 · NCATS · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI LI, JENNIFER S, MCNAMARA, JAMES O. · 2018 to 2023
$58.5M
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002553
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo evaluate radiation exposure and image quality (IQ) for 3 intraoperative imaging systems (Airo TruCT, Cios Spin, O-arm) using varying radiation dose settings in a single cadaveric model.

methodsAxial images of L4-5 instrumentation were obtained using 3 manufacturer dose protocols for each system. Measurements included scattered radiation dose, subjective and objective IQ, and estimates of patient effective dose (ED). Four images per system were selected at each dose level. Using the Likert scale (1 = best, 5 = worst), 9 reviewers rated the same 36 images. Objective IQ measures included the degree of streak artifacts (lines with incorrect data from metal objects) in each image. A composite figure of merit was derived based on ED and subjective and objective scores.

resultsThe best subjective IQ scores were 1.44 (Cios Spin medium dose), 1.78 (Cios Spin high dose) and 2.22 (Airo TruCT low dose). The best objective IQ scores were 87.3 (Airo TruCT) and 89.1 (Cios Spin). ED low-dose results in mSv included 1.6 (Airo TruCT), 1.9 (Cios Spin), and 3.3 (O-arm). ED high-dose results in mSv included 4.6 (Cios Spin), 9.7 (Airo TruCT), and 9.9 (O-arm). Scatter radiation measurements for low dose in μGy included 21.9 (Cios Spin), 31.8 (Airo TruCT), and 33.9 (O-arm). Scatter radiation for high dose in μGy included 55.9 (Cios Spin), 104.5 (O-arm), and 200 (Airo TruCT). The best figure of merit score was for the Airo TruCT low dose, followed by Cios Spin medium dose and high dose.

conclusionsSelection of intraoperative imaging systems requires a greater understanding of the risks and benefits of radiation exposure and IQ.

Indexed as

Radiation ExposureSurgery, Computer-AssistedHumansImaging, Three-DimensionalRadiation DosageTomography, X-Ray Computed3D imagingEffective doseImage qualityIntraoperative imagingRadiation doseScatter dose

Identifiers

PMID34979287
PMCPMC9006663

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.