Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34979136›Full record

ArticleJournal of the American Medical Directors Association2022

The Imperative to Reimagine Assisted Living.

Sheryl Zimmerman, Paula Carder, Lindsay Schwartz, Johanna Silbersack, Helena Temkin-Greener, Kali S Thomas, Kimberly Ward, Robert Jenkens, Liz Jensen, Alfred C Johnson and 14 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
46citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

46 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. My Journey Through Assisted Living Facilities.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2026
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  16. Observational
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  19. Do end-of-life outcomes differ by assisted living memory-care designation?Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2024
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

24 authors.

Sheryl ZimmermanCecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research and Schools of Social Work and Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. Electronic address: Sheryl_Zimmerman@unc.edu.
Paula CarderInstitute on Aging, College of Urban and Public Affairs and School of Public Health, Oregon Health and Science University-Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA.
Lindsay SchwartzCenter for Health Policy Evaluation in Long-Term Care, American Health Care Association/National Center for Assisted Living, Washington, DC, USA.
Johanna SilbersackCecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research and Schools of Social Work and Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Helena Temkin-GreenerDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
Kali S ThomasUS Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Department of Health Services, Policy and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.
Kimberly WardCecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research and Schools of Social Work and Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Robert JenkensJenkens Consulting LCC, Washington, DC, USA.
Liz JensenDirect Supply Innovation & Technology Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Alfred C JohnsonNational Association for Regulatory Administration, Madison, WI, USA.
Jed JohnsonCARF International, Tucson, AZ, USA.
Tim JohnstonSAGE, New York, NY, USA.
Loretta KaesAmerican Assisted Living Nurses Association, Napa Valley, CA, USA.
Paul KatzDepartment of Geriatrics, College of Medicine, Florida State University, FL, USA.
Juliet Holt KlingerBrookdale Senior Living, Chicago, IL, USA.
Cathy LieblichPioneer Network, Rochester, NY, USA.
Beth MaceNational Investment Center for Seniors Housing and Care, Annapolis, MD, USA.
Kevin O'NeilALG Senior, Hickory, NC, USA.
Douglas D PaceMission Partnerships, Alzheimer's Association, Washington, DC, USA.
Kezia ScalesPHI, Bronx, NY, USA.
Robyn I StoneLeadingAge, Washington, DC, USA.
Sarah ThomasAging2.0, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Paul J WilliamsArgentum, Alexandria, VA, USA.
Keren Brown WilliamsJessie F. Richardson Foundation, Portland, OR, USA.

Funding

Addressing Behavior and Mood in Assisted Living: Organizational Characteristics Related to the Use of Antipsychotic and Psychotropic Medications and Alternative PracticesR01AG050602 · NIA · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI ZIMMERMAN, SHERYL · 2015 to 2019
$3.9M
Do State Regulations Affect the Outcomes of Assisted Living Residents with Dementia?R01AG057746 · NIA · BROWN UNIVERSITY · PI THOMAS, KALI ST. MARIE · 2018 to 2020
$2.9M
Patient Safety Culture in Assisted Living: Association with OutcomesR01HS026893 · AHRQ · UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER · PI TEMKIN-GREENER, HELENA · 2019 to 2022
$1.5M
Evaluating Cash Benefit Programs for Veterans' Long Term CareIK2HX001775 · VA · PROVIDENCE VA MEDICAL CENTER · PI THOMAS, KALI ST. MARIE · 2020 to 2021
–
AHRQ HHS R01 HS026893HSRD VA IK2 HX001775NIA NIH HHS R01 AG050602NIA NIH HHS R01 AG057746
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Assisted living (AL) has existed in the United States for decades, evolving in response to older adults' need for supportive care and distaste for nursing homes and older models of congregate care. AL is state-regulated, provides at least 2 meals a day, around-the-clock supervision, and help with personal care, but is not licensed as a nursing home. The key constructs of AL as originally conceived were to provide person-centered care and promote quality of life through supportive and responsive services to meet scheduled and unscheduled needs for assistance, an operating philosophy emphasizing resident choice, and a residential environment with homelike features. As AL has expanded to constitute half of all long-term care beds, the increasing involvement of the real estate, hospitality, and health care sectors has raised concerns about the variability of AL, the quality of AL, and standards for AL. Although the intent to promote person-centered care and quality of life has remained, those key constructs have become mired under tensions related to models of AL, regulation, financing, resident acuity, and the workforce. These tensions have resulted in a model of care that is not as intended, and which must be reimagined if it is to be an affordable care option truly providing quality, person-centered care in a suitable environment. Toward that end, 25 stakeholders representing diverse perspectives conferred during 2 half-day retreats to identify the key tensions in AL and discuss potential solutions. This article presents the background regarding those tensions, as well as potential solutions that have been borne out, paving the path to a better future of assisted living.

Indexed as

Nursing HomesQuality of LifeAgedHumansLong-Term CareSkilled Nursing FacilitiesUnited States

Identifiers

PMID34979136
PMCPMC8826534

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.