ArticleJournal of epidemiology and global health2022
Correlation between ABO Blood Group Phenotype and the Risk of COVID-19 Infection and Severity of Disease in a Saudi Arabian Cohort.
Article in Journal of epidemiology and global health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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14 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of ABO/Rh Blood Groups and ABO Gene VariantsViruses · 2026Article
- Association between ABO blood groups and clinical manifestations and outcomes of COVID-19: a retrospective cross-sectional study in southeast Iran.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- A retrospective study on the association between ABO blood group and the severity and prognosis of hospitalized Chinese patients with COVID-19.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Do certain blood groups increase COVID-19 severity and mortality?Global epidemiology · 2025Article
- Association Between ABO Blood Groups and SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia, Spike Protein Mutations, and Thrombotic Events in COVID-19 Patients.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Investigation of the Distribution of ABO/Rh Blood Group in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients and Its Association With Disease Severity, Clinical Outcomes, Lab Tests, and Radiologic Findings.Health science reports · 2025Article
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- SARS-CoV-2 and mutation RT-qPCR test positivity correlation with ABO and Rh blood types.Journal of medical virology · 2022Article
- ABO blood group and link to COVID-19: A comprehensive review of the reported associations and their possible underlying mechanisms.Microbial pathogenesis · 2022Review
- Carbohydrate Ligands for COVID-19 Spike Proteins.Viruses · 2022Article
- Effects of ABO blood groups and RH-factor on COVID-19 transmission, course and outcome: A review.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Review
- Risk factors predicting disease severity and mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 Saudi Arabian patients.Annals of thoracic medicineArticle
- Effect of ABO blood group on the severity and clinico-pathological parameters of COVID-19.Pakistan journal of medical sciencesArticle
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDisease severity among patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 varies remarkably. Preliminary studies reported that the ABO blood group system confers differential viral susceptibility and disease severity caused by SARS-CoV-2. Thus, differences in ABO blood group phenotypes may partly explain the observed heterogeneity in COVID-19 severity patterns, and could help identify individuals at increased risk. Herein, we explored the association between ABO blood group phenotypes and COVID-19 susceptibility and severity in a Saudi Arabian cohort.
methodsIn this retrospective cohort study, we performed ABO typing on a total of 373 Saudi patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 and conducted association analysis between ABO blood group phenotype and COVID-19 infection severity. We then performed gender-stratified analysis by dividing the participating patients into two groups by gender, and classified them according to age.
resultsThe frequencies of blood group phenotypes A, B, AB and O were 27.3, 23.6, 5.4 and 43.7%, respectively. We found that blood group phenotype O was associated with a lower risk of testing positive for COVID-19 infection (OR 0.76 95% CI 0.62-0.95, p = 0.0113), while blood group phenotype B was associated with higher odds of testing positive (OR 1.51 95% CI 1.17-1.93, p = 0.0009). However, blood group phenotype B was associated with increased risk in the mild and moderate group but not the severe COVID-19 infection group. Blood group phenotype O was protective in all severity groups.
conclusionOur findings provide evidence that blood group phenotype B is a risk for COVID-19 disease while blood group phenotype O is protective from COVID-19 infection. However, further studies are necessary to validate these associations in a larger sample size and among individuals of different ethnic groups.
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