Trial reportJournal of medical Internet research2022
Intensive Care Unit-Specific Virtual Reality for Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19: Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.
Trial report in Journal of medical Internet research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07585500 (Virtual Reality Intervention for Post-Intensive Care Syndrome), which is not on this map. Cited by 40 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Virtual Reality Intervention for Post-Intensive Care Syndrome (PICS): A Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial for Cognitive, Physical and Psychological Outcomes
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Virtual reality-based therapeutic intervention to prevent delirium in the intensive care unit: a systematic review of participant experiences, acceptability, and implementation implications.BMC health services research · 2026Pooled it
- Global prevalence of post-COVID-19 condition: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective evidence.Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice · 2025Pooled it
- Systematic review of interventions for mental health, cognition and psychological well-being in long COVID.BMJ mental health · 2024Pooled it
- Exploring the effectiveness of eHealth interventions in treating Post Intensive Care Syndrome (PICS) outcomes: a systematic review.Critical care (London, England) · 2024Pooled it
- The global prevalence of depression, anxiety, and sleep disorder among patients coping with Post COVID-19 syndrome (long COVID): a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Rehabilitation and COVID-19: systematic review by Cochrane Rehabilitation.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Non-Pharmacological Therapies for Post-Viral Syndromes, Including Long COVID: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- ICU-specific virtual reality for mental health after critical illness: an international three-arm randomized clinical trial.Critical care (London, England) · 2026Trial
- Effect of an intensive care unit virtual reality intervention on relatives´ mental health distress: a multicenter, randomized controlled trial.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Trial
- Evaluating Whether Nonimmersion Virtual Reality Simulation Training Improves Nursing Competency in Isolation Wards: Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Trial
- Effects of Fetal Images Produced in Virtual Reality on Maternal-Fetal Attachment: Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023Trial
- Discomfort improvement for critically ill patients using electronic relaxation devices: results of the cross-over randomized controlled trial E-CHOISIR (Electronic-CHOIce of a System for Intensive care Relaxation).Critical care (London, England) · 2022Trial
- Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2026.Intensive care medicine · 2026Article
- Mapping the Evidence on Virtual Reality for Post-Intensive Care Syndrome: A Systematic Review and a Five-Axis VR-PICS Taxonomy.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Nursing Interventions for Post-Intensive Care Syndrome in Follow-Up Clinics: A Scoping Review.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2026Review
- Nursing Intervention to Support Psychological Recovery Among Intensive Care Patients and Their Families: A Systematic Review with Narrative Synthesis.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2026Review
- Development and preliminary validation of the post-intensive care syndrome-family assessment scale.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Digital Health Interventions Supporting Recovery for Intensive Care Patients and Their Family Members: A Scoping Review.Mayo Clinic proceedings. Digital health · 2025Review
- Transition experiences of patients and families upon discharge from intensive care: a scoping review.Revista latino-americana de enfermagem · 2025Article
- Virtual reality for delirium prevention in mechanically ventilated ICU patients: a narrative review.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAlthough psychological sequelae after intensive care unit (ICU) treatment are considered quite intrusive, robustly effective interventions to treat or prevent these long-term sequelae are lacking. Recently, it was demonstrated that ICU-specific virtual reality (ICU-VR) is a feasible and acceptable intervention with potential mental health benefits. However, its effect on mental health and ICU aftercare in COVID-19 ICU survivors is unknown.
objectiveThis study aimed to explore the effects of ICU-VR on mental health and on patients' perceived quality of, satisfaction with, and rating of ICU aftercare among COVID-19 ICU survivors.
methodsThis was a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Patients were randomized to either the ICU-VR (intervention) or the control group. All patients were invited to an COVID-19 post-ICU follow-up clinic 3 months after hospital discharge, during which patients in the intervention group received ICU-VR. One month and 3 months later (4 and 6 months after hospital discharge), mental health, quality of life, perceived quality, satisfaction with, and rating of ICU aftercare were scored using questionnaires.
resultsEighty-nine patients (median age 58 years; 63 males, 70%) were included. The prevalence and severity of psychological distress were limited throughout follow-up, and no differences in psychological distress or quality of life were observed between the groups. ICU-VR improved satisfaction with (mean score 8.7, SD 1.6 vs 7.6, SD 1.6 [ICU-VR vs control]; t
conclusionsICU-VR is a feasible and acceptable innovative method to improve satisfaction with and rating of ICU aftercare and adds to its perceived quality. We observed a low prevalence of psychological distress after ICU treatment for COVID-19, and ICU-VR did not improve psychological recovery or quality of life. Future research is needed to confirm our results in other critical illness survivors to potentially facilitate ICU-VR's widespread availability and application during follow-up.
trial registrationNetherlands Trial Register NL8835; https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/8835. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): RR2-10.1186/s13063-021-05271-z.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.