ReviewMedComm2021
Nasally inhaled therapeutics and vaccination for COVID-19: Developments and challenges.
Review in MedComm, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fmoc-DDT@Fos hydrogel mitigates temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis through regulating macrophage reprogramming and ferroptosis.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Balancing strategies in vaccination and mask-wearing for Chinese medical staff in post-COVID-19 era: a modelling study and cost-effectiveness analysis.Journal of global health · 2025Article
- Glycosylated Receptor-Binding-Domain-Targeting Mucosal Vaccines Protect Against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and MERS-CoV.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Exploring E-Vape Aerosol Penetration into Paranasal Sinuses: Insights from Patient-Specific Models.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Viral Live-Attenuated Vaccines (LAVs): Past and Future Directions.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Multifaceted virus-like particles: Navigating towards broadly effective influenza A virus vaccines.Current research in microbial sciences · 2025Review
- Novel Administration Routes, Delivery Vectors, and Application of Vaccines Based on Biotechnologies: A Review.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Optimized gravity-driven intranasal drop administration delivers significant doses to the ostiomeatal complex and maxillary sinus.Drug delivery and translational research · 2024Article
- Effects of Nozzle Retraction Elimination on Spray Distribution in Middle-Posterior Turbinate Regions: A Comparative Study.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Assessing Nasal Epithelial Dynamics: Impact of the Natural Nasal Cycle on Intranasal Spray Deposition.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Chitosan non-particulate vaccine delivery systems.Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques · 2024Review
- Delivery of Agarose-aided Sprays to the Posterior Nose for Mucosa Immunization and Short-term Protection against Infectious Respiratory Diseases.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2024Article
- Construction and application of adenoviral vectors.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2023Review
- Aerosol pulmonary immune engineering.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2023Review
- Visualization and Estimation of Nasal Spray Delivery to Olfactory Mucosa in an Image-Based Transparent Nasal Model.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Nasal sprays for treating COVID-19: a scientific note.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2023Review
- Carrageenan fromBiosensors · 2023Article
- Recent advances in respiratory immunization: A focus on COVID-19 vaccines.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2023Review
- A Supine Position and Dual-Dose Applications Enhance Spray Dosing to the Posterior Nose: Paving the Way for Mucosal Immunization.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Nasal anatomy and sniffing in respiration and olfaction of wild and domestic animals.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The nose is the initial site of viral infection, replication, and transmission in the human body. Nasally inhaled vaccines may act as a promising alternative for COVID-19 management in addition to intramuscular vaccination. In this review, the latest developments of nasal sprays either as repurposed or antiviral formulations were presented. Nasal vaccines based on traditional medicines, such as grapefruit seed extract, algae-isolated carrageenan, and Yogurt-fermenting
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.