Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34977462›Full record

ArticleJournal of cultural cognitive science2021

Personal Pronoun Errors in Form versus Meaning Produced by Children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Emily Zane, Sudha Arunachalam, Rhiannon Luyster

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of cultural cognitive science, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Associations between pragmatic language and Theory of Mind in individuals with a history of autism and those who have lost the autism diagnosis.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025
    Article
  3. Personal pronoun comprehension in addressed and non-addressed situations in autistic and nonautistic preschoolers.Journal of cognition and development : official journal of the Cognitive Development Society · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Emily ZaneCommunication Sciences and Disorders, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.ORCID 0000-0001-6508-3984
Sudha ArunachalamCommunication Sciences and Disorders, New York University, New York, NY.
Rhiannon LuysterCommunication Sciences and Disorders, Emerson College, Boston, MA.

Funding

Language Processing and Word Learning in Preschoolers with Autism Spectrum DisorderR01DC016592 · NIDCD · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY · PI ARUNACHALAM, SUDHA · 2018 to 2022
$2.0M
Learning new words from overhearing in children with ASDR01DC017131 · NIDCD · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY · PI ARUNACHALAM, SUDHA, LUYSTER, RHIANNON JANET · 2020 to 2024
$1.8M
NIDCD NIH HHS R01 DC016592NIDCD NIH HHS R01 DC017131
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The current study investigates whether the types of pronominal errors children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) make are different from those of their TD peers at similar stages of language development. A recent review about language acquisition in ASD argues that these children show relative deficits in assigning/extending lexical meaning alongside relative strengths in morpho-syntax (Naigles & Tek, 2017). Pronouns provide an ideal test case for this argument because they are marked both for grammatical features (case) and features that reflect qualities of the referent itself (gender and number) or the referent's role in conversation (person). The form-meaning hypothesis predicts that children with ASD should struggle more with these latter features. The current study tests this hypothesis with data from a caregiver report, completed by caregivers of 151 children with and without ASD. Reported pronominal errors were categorized as meaning or form and compared across groups. In accordance with the form-meaning hypothesis, a higher proportion of children with ASD make meaning errors than they do form errors, and significantly more of them make meaning errors than TD children do.

Indexed as

ASDAutismLanguage AcquisitionPronounsReferenceWord Learning

Identifiers

PMID34977462
PMCPMC8716020

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.