Article3D printing and additive manufacturing2021
Rapid Scan EPR Oxygen Imaging in Photoactivated Resin Used for Stereolithographic 3D Printing.
Article in 3D printing and additive manufacturing, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reconfigurable animal bed-EPR resonator assembly for multimodal co-registration.Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997) · 2026Article
- Computationally efficient 4D spectral-spatial EPR imaging.Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997) · 2025Article
- SOX71, A Biocompatible Succinyl Derivative of the Triarylmethyl Radical OX071 for In Vivo Quantitative Oxygen Mapping Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance.Molecular imaging and biology · 2024Article
- Electron Spin Resonance Probe Incorporation into Bioinks Permits Longitudinal Oxygen Imaging of Bioprinted Constructs.Molecular imaging and biology · 2024Article
- Rapid scan EPR: Automated digital resonator control for low-latency data acquisition.Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997) · 2022Article
- Advances in rapid scan EPR spectroscopy.Methods in enzymology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Oxygen plays a critical role in the photopolymerization process resulting in the formation of solid structures from liquid resins during three-dimensional (3D) printing: it acts as a polymerization inhibitor. Upon exposure to light, oxygen is depleted. As a result, the polymerization process becomes activated. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) imaging is described as a tool to visualize changes in oxygen distribution caused by light exposure. This nondestructive method uses radio waves and, therefore, is not constrained by optical opacity offering greater penetrating depth. Three proof-of-principle imaging experiments were demonstrated: (1) spatial propagation of the photopolymerization process; (2) oxygen depletion as a result of postcuring; and (3) oxygen visualization in a 3D printed spiral model. Commercial stereolithography (SLA) resin was used in these experiments. Lithium octa-n-butoxynaphthalocyanine (LiNc-BuO) probe was mixed with the resin to permit oxygen imaging. Li-naphthalocyanine probes are routinely used in various EPR applications because of their long-term stability and high functional sensitivity to oxygen. In this study, we demonstrate that EPR imaging has the potential to become a powerful visualization tool in the development of 3D printing technology, including bioprinting and tissue engineering.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.