SynthesisFrontiers in oncology2021
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Combined With Chemotherapy Compared With Chemotherapy Alone for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Efficacy and safety analysis of immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced triple-negative breast cancer: an umbrella meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors in first-line therapies of metastatic or early triple-negative breast cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- Predictive value of PD-L1 expression to the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced triple-negative breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy in randomized clinical trials among triple-negative breast cancer.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Sesquiterpenoids target IFIT family proteins and LIMK1: potential implications for the tumor microenvironment and macrophage infiltration.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Article
- Novel neoadjuvant immunotherapy treatment and surveillance strategies in resectable esophageal cancer: innovation leads to improved outcomes.Journal of thoracic disease · 2025Article
- Decoding breast cancer treatment resistance through genetic, epigenetic, and immune-regulatory mechanisms: from molecular insights to translational perspectives.Cancer drug resistance (Alhambra, Calif.) · 2025Review
- Eribulin promotes proliferation of CD8Breast cancer research and treatment · 2024Article
- Strategies to optimize the promise of checkpoint-targeted anti-cancer therapy.Immunotherapy · 2024Article
- Herpesvirus entry mediator as a potential biomarker in breast cancer compared with conventional cytotoxic T‑lymphocyte‑associated antigen 4.Biomedical reports · 2023Article
- Article
- Immunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer: Insights into tumor immune landscape and therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIt is still controversial whether immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can improve the curative effect when added to original standard chemotherapy treatment for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We compared their antitumor efficacy and adverse effects (AEs) to make a better clinical decision.
methodsSeven databases were searched for eligible articles. Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and AEs were measured as the primary outcomes.
resultsNine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 4,501 patients were included. ICI+chemotherapy treatment achieved better PFS (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.78, [0.70-0.86],
conclusionsICI+chemotherapy appears to be better than chemotherapy alone for TNBC treatment, with better OS and PFS. However, its high rates of serious AEs need to be taken seriously. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO Registration: CRD42021276394.
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