ReviewFrontiers in oncology2021
Review in Frontiers in oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Engineering inflammation-responsive proteins through nitric oxide-caged amino acids.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Antitumor immunotoxin expression is enhanced by Escherichia coli csrB-promoter activity.Oncogene · 2026Article
- Mesothelin biology and the evolving landscape of targeted immunotherapy.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Review
- Drinkable gene therapy foam for the treatment of constrictive esophageal carcinoma.Gene therapy · 2026Article
- Review
- Introduction of Reactive Thiol Handles into Tyrosine-Tagged Proteins through Enzymatic Oxidative Coupling.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2025Article
- An optimized integrin α6-targeted peptide capable of delivering toxins for melanoma treatment.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the Safety of A Novel Anti-HER2 Immunotoxin Containing Modified Fragment ofIranian journal of biotechnology · 2025Article
- Epstein-Barr virus-infected nasopharyngeal carcinoma therapeutics: oncoprotein targets and clinical implications.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Oncolytic bacteria: A revolutionary approach to cancer therapy.Open life sciences · 2025Review
- Engineered probiotic-mediated intratumoral delivery and controlled release of bacterial collagenase for cancer therapy.Synthetic and systems biotechnology · 2025Article
- Development and Characterization of an Anti-PD-L1 Immunotoxin for Targeted Cancer Therapy.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2025Article
- A novel shark VNAR antibody-based immunotoxin targeting TROP-2 for cancer therapy.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2024Article
- Advances in immunotoxin engineering: precision therapeutic strategies in modern oncology.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2024Review
- Recent Advances in Drug Delivery Strategies for High-Risk BCG-Unresponsive Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Brief Review from 2018 to 2024.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Understanding the immunosuppressive microenvironment of glioma: mechanistic insights and clinical perspectives.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2024Review
- In vitro and in vivo anti-tumor effect of Trichobakin fused with urokinase-type plasminogen activator ATF-TBK.Molecular biology reports · 2024Article
- Review
- Targeted Delivery of Diphtheria Toxin into VEGFR1/VEGFR2 Overexpressing Cells Induces Anti-angiogenesis Activity.Current protein & peptide science · 2024Article
- Hosts and Heterologous Expression Strategies of Recombinant Toxins for Therapeutic Purposes.Toxins · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cancer is one of the prominent causes of death worldwide. Despite the existence of various modalities for cancer treatment, many types of cancer remain uncured or develop resistance to therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, almost all chemotherapeutics cause a range of side effects because they affect normal cells in addition to malignant cells. Therefore, the development of novel therapeutic agents that are targeted specifically toward cancer cells is indispensable. Immunotoxins (ITs) are a class of tumor cell-targeted fusion proteins consisting of both a targeting moiety and a toxic moiety. The targeting moiety is usually an antibody/antibody fragment or a ligand of the immune system that can bind an antigen or receptor that is only expressed or overexpressed by cancer cells but not normal cells. The toxic moiety is usually a protein toxin (or derivative) of animal, plant, insect, or bacterial origin. To date, three ITs have gained Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for human use, including denileukin diftitox (FDA approval: 1999), tagraxofusp (FDA approval: 2018), and moxetumomab pasudotox (FDA approval: 2018). All of these ITs take advantage of bacterial protein toxins. The toxic moiety of the first two ITs is a truncated form of diphtheria toxin, and the third is a derivative of
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.