ArticleCureus2021
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus With Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: Is COVID-19 the Inciting Factor?
Article in Cureus, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of the incidence, management and prognosis of new-onset autoimmune connective tissue diseases after COVID-19.Rheumatology international · 2023Pooled it
- Uncommon Case of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis as the First Presentation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.ACG case reports journal · 2026Article
- Beyond the Flare: A Case of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Complicated by Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis.Cureus · 2025Article
- Haemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis as an Initial Presentation of Undiagnosed Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.European journal of case reports in internal medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis triggered by relapsing polychondritis: A case report.World journal of orthopedics · 2024Article
- Article
- Ruxolitinib as an Effective Treatment for Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Secondary to SARS-Cov-2 Infection: A Case Report.Infection and drug resistance · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that is characterized by an aberrant immune response leading to immune-mediated damage to tissues. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), a life-threatening condition, consists of a constellation of symptoms caused by excessive immune activation and cytokine storm. HLH is categorized into the primary and secondary form. The secondary form is often referred to as the macrophage activation syndrome. HLH in the background of SLE is a rare and potentially fatal entity. It is often seen in the context of disease flare and is rarely associated with the initial diagnosis of SLE. Severe infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes a cytokine storm characterized by marked elevation of inflammatory markers including ferritin. Here, we describe the case of a young female with an inaugural diagnosis of SLE and features of HLH after a recent SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.