ReviewFrontiers in endocrinology2021
Should Skeletal Maturation Be Manipulated for Extra Height Gain?
Review in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Efficacy of combined gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue and growth hormone therapy in girls with central precocious puberty: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Comparative efficacy of aromatase inhibitors and gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue in increasing final height of idiopathic short stature boys: a network meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- Trajectory-based analysis of growth in congenital adrenal hyperplasia: therapeutic implications for final height preservation.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Observational
- Bone age evaluation in an ethnically diverse cohort of children with premature adrenarche.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Familial short stature: genetic architecture, risk stratification, and precision management.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Article
- Comparative analysis of rapid expansion combined with maxillary protraction therapy in patients at different growth phases: A retrospective study.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2025Article
- Anastrozole vs Letrozole to Augment Height in Pubertal Males With Idiopathic Short Stature: A 3-Year Randomized Trial.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2024Article
- Short Adult Height After Rapid-tempo Puberty: When is it too Late to Treat?Journal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology · 2024Article
- Longitudinal Analysis of Latvian Child Growth: Anthropometric Parameters Dynamics from Birth to Adolescence.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- [Pharmacological therapies for height improvement in pubertal children with short stature].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2024Article
- Aromatase Inhibitors May Increase the Risk of Cardiometabolic Complications in Adolescent Boys.Pediatric cardiology · 2024Review
- Long term effects of aromatase inhibitor treatment in patients with aromatase excess syndrome.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Just as Tall on Testosterone; a Neutral to Positive Effect on Adult Height of GnRHa and Testosterone in Trans Boys.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Article
- Efficacy and safety of a 4-year combination therapy of growth hormone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue in pubertal girls with short predicted adult height.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue and recombinant human growth hormone treatment for idiopathic central precocious puberty in girls.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Skeletal maturation can be delayed by reducing the exposure to estrogens, either by halting pubertal development through administering a GnRH analogue (GnRHa), or by blocking the conversion of androgens to estrogens through an aromatase inhibitor (AI). These agents have been investigated in children with growth disorders (off-label), either alone or in combination with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH). GnRHa is effective in attaining a normal adult height (AH) in the treatment of children with central precocious puberty, but its effect in short children with normal timing of puberty is equivocal. If rhGH-treated children with growth hormone deficiency or those who were born small-for-gestational age are still short at pubertal onset, co-treatment with a GnRHa for 2-3 years increases AH. A similar effect was seen by adding rhGH to GnRHa treatment of children with central precocious puberty with a poor AH prediction and by adding rhGH plus GnRHa to children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia with a poor predicted adult height on conventional treatment with gluco- and mineralocorticoids. In girls with idiopathic short stature and relatively early puberty, rhGH plus GnRHa increases AH. Administration of letrozole to boys with constitutional delay of growth puberty may increase AH, and rhGH plus anastrozole may increase AH in boys with growth hormone deficiency or idiopathic short stature, but the lack of data on attained AH and potential selective loss-of-follow-up in several studies precludes firm conclusions. GnRHas appear to have a good overall safety profile, while for aromatase inhibitors conflicting data have been reported.
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