Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34972821›Full record

ArticleNature microbiology2022

Systematic evaluation of horizontal gene transfer between eukaryotes and viruses.

Nicholas A T Irwin, Alexandros A Pittis, Thomas A Richards, Patrick J Keeling

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature microbiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 114 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
114citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
38.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

114 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 223 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. The Implication of Horizontal Gene Transfer BetweenPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
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  7. Evolutionary innovation through fusion of sequences from across the tree of life.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
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54 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Nicholas A T IrwinMerton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. nicholas.irwin@merton.ox.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2904-8214
Alexandros A PittisDepartment of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4116-9972
Thomas A RichardsDepartment of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9692-0973
Patrick J KeelingDepartment of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7644-0745
University of British Columbia · CAUniversity of Oxford · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Gene exchange between viruses and their hosts acts as a key facilitator of horizontal gene transfer and is hypothesized to be a major driver of evolutionary change. Our understanding of this process comes primarily from bacteria and phage co-evolution, but the mode and functional importance of gene transfers between eukaryotes and their viruses remain anecdotal. Here we systematically characterized viral-eukaryotic gene exchange across eukaryotic and viral diversity, identifying thousands of transfers and revealing their frequency, taxonomic distribution and projected functions. Eukaryote-derived viral genes, abundant in the Nucleocytoviricota, highlighted common strategies for viral host-manipulation, including metabolic reprogramming, proteolytic degradation and extracellular modification. Furthermore, viral-derived eukaryotic genes implicate genetic exchange in the early evolution and diversification of eukaryotes, particularly through viral-derived glycosyltransferases, which have impacted structures as diverse as algal cell walls, trypanosome mitochondria and animal tissues. These findings illuminate the nature of viral-eukaryotic gene exchange and its impact on the evolution of viruses and their eukaryotic hosts.

Indexed as

Evolution, MolecularGene Transfer, HorizontalHost Microbial InteractionsEukaryotaPhylogenyViruses

Identifiers

PMID34972821
OpenAlexW4205443759

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.