Observational studyBMC cardiovascular disorders2021
Trend in survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and its relationship with bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a six-year prospective observational study in Beijing.
Observational study in BMC cardiovascular disorders, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Prehospital Emergency Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review.Prehospital and disaster medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Survival outcome among patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest who received cardiopulmonary resuscitation in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of medical research · 2023Pooled it
- Designing and implementing the first national CPR championship in Greece: the "KIDS SAVE LIVES - TA PAIDIA SOZOUN ZOES" experience.Resuscitation plus · 2026Article
- Do Chest Compressions Benefit the Brain Beyond Restoring Circulation? ROSC-Mediated and ROSC-Independent Pathways of Bystander CPR After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- The Role of Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: A Meta-Analysis.Emergency medicine international · 2025Review
- Epidemiology and outcomes of out of hospital cardiac arrest in Karachi, Pakistan - A longitudinal study.Resuscitation plus · 2024Article
- The Interaction Effect of Age, Initial Rhythm, and Location on Outcomes After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- The development history, current state, challenges, and future directions of the BASIC-OHCA registry in China: A narrative review.Resuscitation plus · 2024Review
- A retrospective study on epidemiological analysis of pre-hospital emergency care in Hangzhou, China.PloS one · 2023Article
- Characteristics and outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand.International journal of emergency medicine · 2022Article
- Correlation between the warning symptoms and prognosis of cardiac arrest.World journal of clinical cases · 2022Article
- The Effectiveness of Peyton's 4-Step Approach to Teach Resuscitation Skills: A Randomized Controlled Clarification Study.Journal of medical education and curricular developmentArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundOut-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), a global health problem with a survival rate ranging from 2 to 22% across different countries, has been a leading cause of premature death for decades. The aim of this study was to evaluate the trends of survival after OHCA over time and its relationship with bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), initial shockable rhythm, return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), and survived event.
methodsIn this prospective observational study, data of OHCA patients were collected following the "Utstein style" by the Beijing, China, Emergency Medical Service (EMS) from January 2011 (data from February to June in 2011 was not collected) to October 2016. Patients who had a cardiac arrest and for whom an ambulance was dispatched were included in this study. All cases were followed up to determine hospital discharge or death. The trend of OHCA survival was analyzed using the Chi-square test. The relationship among bystander CPR, initial shockable rhythm, ROSC, survived event, and OHCA survival rate was analyzed using multivariate path analyses with maximum standard likelihood estimation.
resultsA total of 25,421 cases were transferred by the Beijing EMS; among them, 5042 (19.8%) were OHCA (median age: 78 years, interquartile range: 63-85, 60.1% male), and 484 (9.6%) received bystander CPR. The survival rate was 0.6%, which did not improve from 2012 to 2015 (P = 0.569). Overall, bystander CPR was indirectly associated with an 8.0% (β = 0.080, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.064-0.095, P = 0.002) increase in survival rate. The indirect effect of bystander CPR on survival rate through survived event was 6.6% (β = 0.066, 95% CI = 0.051-0.081, P = 0.002), which accounted for 82.5% (0.066 of 0.080) of the total indirect effect. With every 1 increase in survived event, the possibility of survival rate will directly increase by 53.5% (β = 0.535, 95% CI = 0.512-0.554, P = 0.003).
conclusionsThe survival rate after OHCA was low in Beijing which has not improved between 2012 and 2015. The effect of bystander CPR on survival rate was mainly mediated by survived event. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR-TRC-12002149 (2 May, 2012, retrospectively registered). http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=7400.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.